Diffusion of atmospheric gases into barrier-layer sealed organic light emitting diodes

Mandlik, Prashant; Han, Lin; Wagner, S.; Silvernail, Jeff; Ma, Ruiqing; Hack, M.; Brown, Julie J.

doi:10.1063/1.3030982

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…15 Because the dark spot test does not inform about the inherent permeability of a barrier material, it cannot be used to efficiently guide material optimization. Water may penetrate (1) through the bulk of the barrier film, (2) through a microcrack or an embedded particle or along the interface between an embedded particle and the surrounding barrier material (causing circular dark spots), and (3) along the interface between the barrier film and its substrate (causing dark bands).…”

Section: Flexible Barriers For the Protection Of Organic Light-emimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13][14][15] The deposition system has a radio frequency (13.56 MHz) powered triode configuration with an area of the powered center grid electrode of 182 cm 2 that is spaced 1 in. [13][14][15] The deposition system has a radio frequency (13.56 MHz) powered triode configuration with an area of the powered center grid electrode of 182 cm 2 that is spaced 1 in.…”

Section: Barrier Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diffusion of water into permeation barrier layers

Visweswaran

Mandlik

Mohan

et al. 2015

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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Articles you may be interested inModeling stress development and hydrogen diffusion in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition silicon nitride films submitted to thermal cycles Methods of producing plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition silicon nitride thin films with high compressive and tensile stress Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are attractive candidates for flexible display and lighting panels due to their high contrast ratio. However, the materials in an OLED are oxidized by very small quantities of moisture. Therefore, flexible OLEDs require flexible, thin-film, encapsulation. The authors introduce a set of three techniques for measuring the solubility and diffusion coefficient of water in a permeation barrier layer that is a SiO 2 -silicone hybrid made by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The techniques are secondary ion mass spectrometry, and measurements of electrical capacitance and of film stress. The measurements were carried out on samples exposed to water or steam at temperatures between 65 and 200 C. From the resulting values of water solubility, diffusion coefficient, and their thermal activation energies, the authors calculate the time one monolayer of water will take to permeate through the bulk of the film. For a 3 lm thick film held at 38 C and 90% relative humidity, the time is 13 years.

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Section: Flexible Barriers For the Protection Of Organic Light-emimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Barrier Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion of water into permeation barrier layers

Visweswaran

Mandlik

Mohan

et al. 2015

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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“…It has been particularly difficult to create films by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on native polymer substrates, as these thin films lose their barrier properties when any particulate or pinhole defects are present in the deposition process 6,8 . Therefore, it has been necessary to further planarize the polymer substrates prior to ALD processing 13 , by using sol-gel films on the substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, flexible variants of OLEDs have been demonstrated 2 , and the first commercial OLED products with curved screens have appeared in the marketplace [3][4][5] . For reliable flexible OLED display and lighting applications, it is essential to have a front and back substrate that both can block the ingress of oxygen and moisture into the display structure, as these are detrimental to the light-emitting process, affecting both the electrodes and the emitting materials in OLEDs 6 . Commercial barrier vendors typically provide multilayer organic-inorganic structures that fail when flexing, or cannot be bent to tight bending radii (below 10 mm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

10.2: High‐Performance Barrier Films for Flexible Organic Display and Lighting Applications

Kimmel

Nikkola

Räsänen

et al. 2015

Symp Digest of Tech Papers

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The key requirement in manufacturing flexible organic lightemitting displays (OLEDs) is to protect the deposited electrodes and emitter materials from oxygen and moisture permeation. Multilayered organic/inorganic barrier films can get relatively thick and brittle, and thinner, intrinsically flexible barrier films need to be developed. In this study, we have investigated manufacturing multilayered sol-gel/atomic layer deposition (ALD) structures on poly(ethylene naphthalate) films. The results show improved surface morphology and promising shielding properties against water vapor and oxygen permeation.

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“…These coatings are based on a variety of oxide and nitride multi-layers, leading to barrier improvement factors over uncoated polymer as high as 10 6 (e.g. [6][7][8][9][10]). In spite of such an outstanding barrier performance, the inorganic coatings remain brittle, with a critical strain for cracking usually in the range from 0.5% to 2% [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supertough UV-curable silane/silica gas barrier coatings on polymers

Leterrier¹,

Singh²,

Bouchet³

et al. 2009

Surface and Coatings Technology

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Ultra-thin (10-500 nm) photo-polymerized γ-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane (MPMS) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTS) layers applied to SiO 2 coatings on polyethylene terephthalate films improved the oxygen barrier performance of the oxide coated films by more than two-fold, and the coating strain to failure from 1.5% to beyond 5%, depending on the processing conditions. The oxygen transmission rate of composite films was measured under tensile strain. The chemical conversion of both MPMS and VTS with two different photoinitiators was studied by means of photo-calorimetry experiments, with attention paid to the influence of temperature, UV-light intensity and photoinitiator concentration. The conversion data were analyzed using an n th -order kinetic model, including an Arrhenius dependence of the temperature and a power-law dependence of the light intensity on the reaction rate. The improvement in mechanical integrity of the silane/silica barrier coating, with a toughness as high as 80 J/m 2 was found to be controlled by the conversion state of the silane.

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Diffusion of atmospheric gases into barrier-layer sealed organic light emitting diodes

Abstract: Articles you may be interested inDistinguishing triplet energy transfer and trap-assisted recombination in multi-color organic light-emitting diode with an ultrathin phosphorescent emissive layer

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Diffusion of water into permeation barrier layers

Diffusion of water into permeation barrier layers

10.2: High‐Performance Barrier Films for Flexible Organic Display and Lighting Applications

Supertough UV-curable silane/silica gas barrier coatings on polymers

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