“…The mobility of nanoscale particles suspended in fluids within confined geometries impacts a wide range of fields including biotechnology, catalysis, nanofabrication, lubrication, and environmental remediation . Under nanometer-scale confinement, the Brownian diffusion that nanoparticles typically experience in a bulk fluid can be radically altered due to hydrodynamic, surface, and other interactions that become paramount when the particles are restricted to remain in close proximity to the bounding surfaces. − A number of experimental approaches have been employed to characterize nanoparticle mobility under such conditions. − In particular, recent advances in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in liquid environments have enabled detailed single-particle-tracking experiments that have investigated nanoparticle motion in fluids under nanoscale confinement, − and in several cases, these studies have revealed dynamics that are orders of magnitude slower than the corresponding Brownian motion in bulk. ,, Such microscopy methods are well suited for tracking nanoparticles that are confined along one direction, such as between closely spaced parallel substrates. However, other important confinement geometries for nanoparticle mobility, such as within bulk nanoporous and mesoporous materials, present a challenge for established techniques.…”