“…The longstanding and steady growth of LMS use in higher education has been well documented (Carmean & Haefner, 2003;Daniels, 2009;Harrington et al, 2006;Malikowski, 2010;Mkhize, Mtsweni, & Buthelezi, 2016;Mills, 2005; Vovides, Y., Sanchez-Alonso, S., Mitropoulou, V., & Nickmans, G.; . With learning management systems being present at 99% of higher education institutions, their use is now ubiquitous (Dahlstrom, Brooks, & Bischel, 2014;Green, 2013;Lang & Pirani, 2014).…”