Diffusion of Responsibility and Restaurant Tipping: Cheaper by the Bunch

Freeman, Stephen J.; Walker, Marcus R.; Borden, Richard J.; Latané, Bibb

doi:10.1177/014616727500100407

Cited by 115 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Instead, variation is much more influenced by the irrelevant feature of bill size (Freeman et al, 1975;Lynn & Grassman, 1990;Rogelberg, Barnes-Farrell, & Creamer, 1999). Our research suggests that people think that others are paying more under PIF than PWYW.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Paying more when paying for others.

Jung

Nelson

Gneezy

et al. 2014

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Social behavior is heavily influenced by the perception of the behaviors of others. We considered how perceptions (and misperceptions) of kindness can increase generosity in economic transactions. We investigated how these perceptions can alter behavior in a novel real-life situation that pitted kindness against selfishness. That situation, consumer elective pricing, is defined by an economic transaction allowing people to purchase goods or services for any price (including zero). Field and lab experiments compared how people behave in 2 financially identical circumstances: pay-what-you-want (in which people are ostensibly paying for themselves) and pay-it-forward (in which people are ostensibly paying on behalf of someone else). In 4 field experiments, people paid more under pay-it-forward than pay-what-you-want (Studies 1-4). Four subsequent lab studies assessed whether the salience of others explains the increased payments (Study 5), whether ability to justify lowered payments (Study 6), and whether the manipulation was operating through changing the perceptions of others (Studies 7 and 8). When people rely on ambiguous perceptions, pay-it-forward leads to overestimating the kindness of others and a corresponding increase in personal payment. When those perceptions are replaced with explicit descriptive norms (i.e., others' payment amounts), that effect is eliminated. Finally, subsequent studies confirmed that the effects were not driven by participant confusion (Studies 9A and 9B) and not limited by the specificity of the referent other in the pay-it-forward framing (Study 9C).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Paying more when paying for others.

Jung

Nelson

Gneezy

et al. 2014

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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“…Additionally, the effect appears to hold in other, non-emergency situations. For instance, when in the presence of others people are less likely to leave a large tip (Freeman, Walker, Borden, & Latané, 1975) or help with a flat tire (Hurley & Allen, 1974). Overall, the research suggests that people are less likely to take action in an emergency situation or exhibit prosocial behavior when other people are present.…”

Section: Diffusion Of Responsibilitymentioning

confidence: 88%

Bystander Intervention in Cyberbullying

Brody

Vangelisti²

2015

Communication Monographs

134

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“…The evidence based on dining party size and its relationship to tipping is mixed (Azar 2007). Freeman et al (1975, Lynn and Latane (1984), and May (1980) all found that large dining parties leave smaller percentage tips than do small dining parties.…”

Section: Dining Party Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Restaurant Consumers' Tipping Behavior

Cho¹

2014

Journal of the Korean society for quality management

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This study examines the relationship between tip amount and its possible antecedents: bill size, the Big Five personality types, meal type, food quality, atmosphere, service quality, consumer gender, server gender, customer hospitality experience, race, and alcohol consumption. A survey of southeastern undergraduate students was conducted to collect information about the customer, server and customer tipping habits. While the analysis suggests that service is an important factor, it shows that other factors affect tip amount. Furthermore, these factors affect tip amounts in many different ways. Some examples of these factors include bill size, alcohol consumption, gender dynamics, meal type, food quality, and personality type. The conclusion suggests the intuition behind these factors by providing a dissection of their meaning and their importance to servers, customers, and managers alike.Purpose: This study tests restaurant customer tipping habits and some personality traits that have received limited previous attention as predictors of tipping.Methods: This study is that the tip amount was self-reported, business students at a university in a large southeastern city of USA were asked to complete a tipping journal.Results: This study was able to replicate the service-tipping relationship. Moreover, this study reiterated that server friendliness is a very powerful tool to increasing tips. Conclusion:This study strongly indicate that service has a positive relationship with tip amount, and also produce a positive relationship with emotional stability and a negative relationship to conscientiousness.

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Diffusion of Responsibility and Restaurant Tipping: Cheaper by the Bunch

Cited by 115 publications

References 3 publications

Paying more when paying for others.

Paying more when paying for others.

Bystander Intervention in Cyberbullying

Factors Affecting Restaurant Consumers' Tipping Behavior

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