Diffusion tensor imaging of normal and injured developing human brain ‐ a technical review

Neil, Jeffrey J.; Miller, Jeffrey H; Mukherjee, Pratik; Hüppi, Petra Susan

doi:10.1002/nbm.784

Cited by 373 publications

(283 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…During this transition from acute to subacute and chronic injury, a period of DWI pseudonormalization is observed during which the histologic damage persists. 14,15 Swollen astrocytes rather than shrunken neurons could be the major contributor to the initial reduction in ADC. 13 Most experimental studies with animal models are based on an acute external injury and therefore do not reproduce the sequence of events arising in fetuses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in the Evaluation of Diffuse White Matter Ischemic Lesions in Fetuses: Correlations with Fetopathologic Findings

Guimiot¹,

Garel²,

Fallet-Bianco³

et al. 2007

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in the Evaluation of Diffuse White Matter Ischemic Lesions in Fetuses: Correlations with Fetopathologic Findings

Guimiot¹,

Garel²,

Fallet-Bianco³

et al. 2007

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…In the fetal and neonatal stages, columnar structures dominate the mammalian cortex, resulting in relatively high FA values (Thornton et al, 1997;Neil et al, 1998;Mori et al, 2001;McKinstry et al, 2002;Neil et al, 2002). In the early postnatal period, FA of the cortex lessens dramatically, which has been attributed to the loss of the radial glia and to increased dendritic density (Neil et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Cortical Mapping of Fractional Anisotropy in Developing Rat Brains

Huang¹,

Yamamoto²,

Hossain³

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

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Cortical development is associated with a series of events that involve axon and dendrite growth and synaptic formation. Although these developmental processes have been investigated in detail with histology, three-dimensional and quantitative imaging methods for rodent brains may be useful for genetic and pharmacological studies in which cortical developmental abnormalities are suspected. It has been shown that diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can delineate the columnar organization of the fetal and early neonatal cortex based on a high degree of diffusion anisotropy along the columnar structures. This anisotropy is known to decrease during brain development. In this study, we applied DTI to developing rat brains at five developmental stages, postnatal days 0, 3, 7, 11 and 19, and used diffusion anisotropy as an index to characterize the structural change. Statistical analysis reveals four distinctive cortical areas that demonstrate a characteristic time course of anisotropy loss. This method may provide a means to delineate specific cortical areas and a quantitative method to detect abnormalities in cortical development in rodent pathological models.

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“…Diffusion MRI, in particular, is being applied to assess brain development (Huppi et al, 1998;Neil et al, 2002;Partridge et al, 2004;Rutherford et al, 2004). Diffusion MRI provides information about the directional dependence of water displacements due to diffusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion MR imaging characteristics of the developing primate brain

et al. 2005

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Diffusion-based magnetic resonance imaging holds the potential to noninvasively demonstrate cellular-scale structural properties of brain. This method was applied to fixed baboon brains ranging from 90 to 185 days gestational age to characterize the changes in diffusion properties associated with brain development. Within each image voxel, a probability-theory-based approach was employed to choose, from a group of analytic equations, the one that best expressed water displacements. The resulting expressions contain eight or fewer adjustable parameters, indicating that relatively simple expressions are sufficient to obtain a complete description of the diffusion MRI signal in developing brain. The measured diffusion parameters changed systematically with gestational age, reflecting the rich underlying microstructural changes that take place during this developmental period. These changes closely parallel those of live, developing human brain. The information obtained from this primate model of cerebral microstructure is directly applicable to studies of human development. D 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging; Diffusion anisotropy; Baboon brains; Brain development IntroductionMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly utilized in human and animal studies to provide information relating to cerebral injury and development in the newborn. Diffusion MRI, in particular, is being applied to assess brain development (Huppi et al., 1998;Neil et al., 2002;Partridge et al., 2004;Rutherford et al., 2004). Diffusion MRI provides information about the directional dependence of water displacements due to diffusion. This, in turn, reflects underlying tissue microstructure. In white matter, for example, water moving parallel to myelinated fibers can move within or between myelin layers, without crossing membranes. Water moving orthogonal to fibers, on the other hand, must either cross myelin layers or go around them. As a result, water displacements are smaller when measured orthogonal to myelinated fibers than when measured parallel to them. Thus, water diffusion in myelinated white matter is anisotropic. The regional changes in diffusion anisotropy within the developing white matter of the newborn brain have been well appreciated for some time (Huppi et al., 1998;Neil et al., 1998).Diffusion anisotropy has also been described within cerebral cortical gray matter in the developing human brain. Anisotropy is high early in development, with the preferred displacement direction oriented radially with respect to the cortical surface (Maas et al., 2004;Mori et al., 2001;Neil et al., 1998). This has been attributed to the orientation of radial glial fibers and the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells. As the brain matures, the magnitude of cortical diffusion anisotropy decreases (McKinstry et al., 2002;Mori et al., 2001), reflecting a loss in orientational coherence of cortical structures that restrict diffusion. This may be due to the elaboration of pyramidal cell basal dendrites, additio...

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Diffusion tensor imaging of normal and injured developing human brain ‐ a technical review

Cited by 373 publications

References 66 publications

Contribution of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in the Evaluation of Diffuse White Matter Ischemic Lesions in Fetuses: Correlations with Fetopathologic Findings

Contribution of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in the Evaluation of Diffuse White Matter Ischemic Lesions in Fetuses: Correlations with Fetopathologic Findings

Quantitative Cortical Mapping of Fractional Anisotropy in Developing Rat Brains

Diffusion MR imaging characteristics of the developing primate brain

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