Diflubenzuron: Some aspects of its ovicidal and larvicidal mode of action and an evaluation of its practical possibilities

Grosscurt, A. C.

doi:10.1002/ps.2780090502

Cited by 135 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…However, the combination of the IGR Nomolt with GM revealed clear effect on feeding rate of DL nymphs comparing with other formulations. These finding agreed with Grosscurt (1978), Clark and Jewess (1990) who indicated that the Nomolt showed reduction of feeding and mobility and highly significant differences between treated and control cages were found.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Use of teflubenzuron alone and combined with Metarhizium anisopliae and Phenylacetonitrile as control agent against the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria (Forskal) (Orthoptera: acrididae)

Mohamed¹,

El-Shafie²

2011

ABJNA

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The efficacy of the Insect growth regulator (IGR) teflubenzuron (Nomolt 50 ULV) was evaluated against desert locust (DL) nymphs (3rd and 4th instars) during two seasons (2008 and 2009). All experiments were carried out under semi-field conditions, on irrigated plots planted with millet, and large cages (2x2x1m) and bomas (2x6x1m) were erected to enclose the test insects. The IGR was applied by means of a battery driven hand held (Micro ULVA) sprayer either as direct spray on the nymphs or as a simulated barrier treatment. The impact of the IGR on the feeding rate of the nymphs was investigated as well. The IGR was tested at the recommended dose (450ml/ha), and at fractional doses (225, 112.5 and 56.25ml/ha) in combination with Metarhizium anisopliae (Green Muscle®) at 50g/ha and the pheromone Phenyl Aceto Nitrile (PAN) 98% at 10ml/ha. Diesel was used as a dilutant in all formulations. Nomolt 450 m/ha resulted in 100% nymphal mortality in 20 days after treatment. The fractional doses of the IGR combined with the pheromone PAN, proved to be effective in the manipulation of nymphs, 100% mortality was obtained in 21, 20 and 21 days after treatment, in both seasons of the study. The fractional doses of the IGR combined with Metarhizium GM resulted in 100% mortality within 14 days of the treatment. Tests in bomas using barrier treatment in the 1 st season of the study revealed that the recommended dose of Nomolt applied on the nymphs resulted in 72.5, 88.5, 89 and 53% mortality after the 1 st , 6 th , 12 th and 24 th day after treatment respectively. Percentage mortality of 78.5, 68.5, 74 and 61.5 were achieved in the 2 nd season. The Nomolt either alone or in combined with PAN and GM revealed a clear negative impact on the feeding rate of nymphs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Use of teflubenzuron alone and combined with Metarhizium anisopliae and Phenylacetonitrile as control agent against the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria (Forskal) (Orthoptera: acrididae)

Mohamed¹,

El-Shafie²

2011

ABJNA

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“…On the one hand, Parsons (1992) pointed out that in some cases a relatively severe environmental stress was necessary to induce significant FA alterations. In our experiment, the low levels of FA in horn flies after exposure to Diflubenzuron might be due to the peculiar mode of action of this substance, which is very different to that of conventional insecticides (Grosscurt 1978, Graf 1993. On the other hand, the sub-lethal concentrations may be selecting less asymmetric individuals that are also more resistant to diflubenzuron.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Diflubenzuron is an insect growth regulator (IGR), which causes physiological and morphological changes during insect development, due to its interference with cuticle deposition (Chamberlain 1975, Grosscurt 1978, Graf 1993. Some studies have demonstrated the susceptibility of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.) to diflubenzuron (Hopkins & Chamberlain 1976, Kunz & Bay 1977, Silva & Mendes 2002.…”

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confidence: 99%

Developmental stress by diflubenzuron in Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae)

Silva¹,

Mendes²,

Lomônaco³

2004

Neotrop. Entomol.

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Neotropical Entomology 33(2): 249-253 (2004) Estresse por Diflubenzurom no Desenvolvimento de Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) RESUMO -Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o efeito de concentrações sub-letais do regulador de desenvolvimento de insetos (IGR), diflubenzurom, no tamanho e na estabilidade do desenvolvimento da mosca-dos-chifres, Haematobia irritans (L.), por meio da análise de assimetria flutuante (AF). Adultos criados em substratos com diferentes concentrações sub-letais de diflubenzurom e em meioscontrole foram submetidos a medidas morfométricas. Utilizou-se a análise de componentes principais para se obter um índice multivariado de tamanho, a partir de uma matriz de correlação dos caracteres originais. Os níveis de AF e o índice multivariado de tamanho foram comparados entre os tratamentos. Contrariamente ao esperado, a exposição ao diflubenzurom não resultou em aumento significativo e proporcional às concentrações utilizadas nos níveis de AF entre os tratamentos. Entretanto, a redução no tamanho devido ao efeito deste IGR pode estar refletindo a capacidade de H. irritans de realizar ajustes fisiológicos e morfológicos, de modo que os fenótipos compensem, pelo menos até certo ponto, as condições ambientais de estresse. Há ainda a possibilidade de o IGR estar selecionando indivíduos mais simétricos e resistentes. Do ponto de vista do controle de pragas, a redução no tamanho de indivíduos submetidos a concentrações sub-letais deste IGR pode ser vantajosa, uma vez que tamanho está usualmente diretamente relacionado à aptidão do indivíduo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Insecta, controle de pragas, mosca-dos-chifres, regulador de crescimento, assimetria flutuante ABSTRACT -This study aimed to assess the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of the insect growth regulator (IGR), diflubenzuron, on the body size of the horn fly Haematobia irritans (L.) and on its developmental stability, by fluctuating asymmetry (FA) analysis. Breeding media with different sublethal diflubenzuron concentrations and a control medium, were prepared to obtain morphometric measures on adult individuals. Principal component analysis was used to generate an index of general body size, using the correlation matrix of the original characters. Levels of FA and the multivariate index of size were compared among treatments. Contrary to the expectations, the exposure to diflubenzuron did not result in a significant and concomitant increase in the level of FA across treatments or in the number of individuals showing developmental instability. Nevertheless, a significant reduction of size due to the diflubenzuron may reflect the ability of H. irritans to perform physiological and morphological adjustments allowing phenotype compensation, at least to some extent, for stressful environmental conditions. On the other hand, the IGR may be selecting more symmetrical and resistant individuals. From the pest control point of view, the reduction of size may be a positive effect of the IGR since size is usually directly related to fitness.

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“…De acordo com GrOsscurT (1978), o diflubenzuron atua comumente em todos os estágios larvais de insetos mas, em algumas espécies, os primeiros e os últimos estágios podem ser mais ou menos susceptíveis. O teste in vitro, no presente trabalho, demonstrou claramente a ação dessa molécula sobre o desenvolvimento de formas imaturas, evidenciando a sua eliminação ainda ativa nas fezes do animal tratado com essa formulação, além da boa eficácia no desafio a campo, no qual foi observada redução da contagem de moscas no grupo tratado superior a 99%.…”

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Eficácia do diflubenzuron 25% no controle da Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae): desafio in vitro e a campo

et al. 2012

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Eficácia do diflubenzuron 25% no controle da Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae): desafio in vitro e a campo. Avaliou-se, neste experimento, a eficácia in vitro e in vivo do diflubenzuron a 25% para uso em bovinos, no controle da infestação por Haematobia irritans. Para o teste in vitro, ovos de moscasdos-chifres foram mantidos em recipientes contendo fezes de animais não-tratados ou tratados com diflubenzuron a 25%, e acompanhados até emergência dos adultos. No teste in vivo, foram utilizadas 40 fêmeas aneloradas, divididas em dois grupos: controle (C) e tratado (T) com intensidade parasitária equivalente. Durante o experimento, o grupo C recebeu apenas suplementação mineral, enquanto o grupo T recebeu suplementação mineral e diflubenzuron a 25%. A contagem de moscas nos animais foi realizada na região dorsal, desde a nuca até as pontas da anca de cada animal, no início e ao final de um período de cinco meses. Na avaliação in vitro, o grupo controle apresentou média de emergência de 86% (± 8,4%), enquanto o grupo cultivado em fezes de bovinos tratados com diflubenzuron a 25% apresentou taxa de emergência média de 1% (± 0,2%), sendo a eficácia calculada de 98,83%. No teste in vivo, não foi observada redução significativa na contagem de moscas no grupo C, porém, no grupo T houve significativa redução da infestação por H. irritans (t = 16,46, p < 0,0001). A eficácia do produto, em condições de campo, foi de 99,20%. O diflubenzuron a 25% adicionado ao sal mineral mostrou-se eficaz contra H. irritans, sendo indicado para esse fim. Arq PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Larvicida, moscas-dos-chifres, bovinos, inibidor de desenvolvimento de insetos. ABSTRACT EFFICACY OF 25% DIFLUBENZURON FOR CONTROL OF HAEMATOBIA IRRITANS(DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE): IN VITRO AND FIELD CHALLENGES. In this experiment, the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of a 25% diflubenzuron commercial formulation were evaluated for control of Haematobia irritans infestation on cattle. For the in vitro test, horn-fly eggs were cultivated in feces from untreated or treated with 25% diflubenzuron for verification of adult emergence. In the in vivo test, 40 crossbred female bovines were divided into 2 experimental groups: Controls (C) and treated (T) with 25% diflubenzuron, with similar horn-fly infestations. In the in vitro test, the control group had a mean emergence of 86% (± 8.4%) while the group cultivated in feces from cattle treated with 25% diflubenzuron had a mean emergence rate of only 1% (± 0.2%), showing product efficacy of 98.83%. In the in vivo test no significant reduction was observed in the fly count of the C group, whereas the T group showed a clear reduction in the infestation (t = 16.46, p < 0.0001). The efficacy of the product under field conditions was 99.20%. In conclusion, the formulation of 25% diflubenzuron demonstrated efficacy against H. irritans, and is therefore indicated for this purpose.

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Diflubenzuron: Some aspects of its ovicidal and larvicidal mode of action and an evaluation of its practical possibilities

Cited by 135 publications

References 50 publications

Use of teflubenzuron alone and combined with Metarhizium anisopliae and Phenylacetonitrile as control agent against the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria (Forskal) (Orthoptera: acrididae)

Use of teflubenzuron alone and combined with Metarhizium anisopliae and Phenylacetonitrile as control agent against the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria (Forskal) (Orthoptera: acrididae)

Developmental stress by diflubenzuron in Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae)

Eficácia do diflubenzuron 25% no controle da Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae): desafio in vitro e a campo

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