Digestibility and Availability of Nutrients in Feed Ingredients

Lee, Su A; Stein, Hans H

doi:10.1002/9781119583998.ch19

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 380 publications

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“…The BEL of Pro was the greatest among the AA with great variability, which is consistent with previous studies [18,19]. This observation may be associated with the mobilization of body protein under negative N balance when pigs fed the N-free diet [1].…”

Section: A C C E P T E D a R T I C L Esupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The mean value for BEL of CP (17.1 g/kg DMI) in the present study is fairly comparable to the value of 17.3 g/kg DMI reported by Adeola et al [1], but is slightly less than the value of 20.2 g/kg DMI reported by Lee and Stein [19] who collected data from the University of Illinois during 2010 to 2020. It is speculated that the BEL of CP measured at the University of Illinois were a bit greater than those measured in other institutes potentially due to the less IBW in the data by Lee and Stein [19]. In the present work, the negative correlation between IBW and the BEL of CP was observed for the IBW less than 62 kg (Figure 2).…”

Section: A C C E P T E D a R T I C L Esupporting

confidence: 86%

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Prediction models for basal endogenous losses of crude protein and amino acids in pigs

Park,

Kim,

Kim

2024

Anim Biosci

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Objective: The objectives were to validate a previously published equation for estimating basal endogenous losses (BEL) of crude protein (CP) in pigs fed nitrogen-free diets and to develop prediction equations for BEL of CP and amino acids (AA).Methods: A total of 139 observations from 123 experiments in 117 papers that determined the BEL of CP and AA in pigs were collected. For the validation of the previous equation for the BEL of CP, 94 observations that were not used for developing the previous equation were used. All observations were used to develop novel equations for estimating BEL of CP in pigs based on the initial body weight (IBW).Results: The validation study indicated that the slope for BEL of CP, representing a linear bias, was less than zero (–0.56; standard error [SE] = 0.130; p<0.001). The intercept for BEL of CP, representing a mean bias, was less than zero (–3.21; SE = 0.488; p<0.001). The models for estimating BEL of CP (g/kg dry matter intake) in pigs fed a nitrogen-free diet were developed: 20.36–0.077×IBW with R2 = 0.11 and p<0.001 and 20.80×e(–0.00475×IBW) with R2 = 0.12 and p<0.001. Novel linear models for estimating BEL of AA were developed using BEL of CP as the independent variable.Conclusion: The accuracy of the previous equation for estimating BEL of CP in pigs has been improved by reflecting additional data from recent publications. In the novel linear models for estimating BEL of AA of pigs, BEL of CP was used as an independent variable.

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Section: A C C E P T E D a R T I C L Esupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: A C C E P T E D a R T I C L Esupporting

confidence: 86%

Prediction models for basal endogenous losses of crude protein and amino acids in pigs

Park,

Kim,

Kim

2024

Anim Biosci

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“…Although heat is a necessary stage in the processing of soybeans, extreme HT might reduce nutritional digestibility, particularly for protein, due to the development of potentially hazardous compounds such as Maillard product lines (Ton Nu et al, 2020). Overheating promotes Maillard activities between the amino group of the AA and reducing sugars (such as glucose and galactose), lowering energy and AA bioavailability (Dunmire, 2022;Lee and Stein, 2022).…”

Section: Heat Processing To Remove Anfs In Soybeanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Various Methods of Processing Soybeans on Protein Digestibility and Reduction of Nitrogen Deposits in the Natural Environment – A Review

Asghar,

Sajid,

Wilk

et al. 2024

Annals of Animal Science

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Soybean meal (SBM) is a significant source of protein for poultry due to its high concentration of protein and amino acids profile. The primary objective of SBM processing is the reduction and deactivation of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) to enhance nutrient digestibility. However, eliminating ANFs does not necessarily correlate with increased protein and amino acid content. Several processing methods, such as soaking, cooking, and commercial techniques, improve SBM protein digestibility. To sustain feeding qualities, soybeans must undergo heating to remove inherent chemicals that interfering with poultry digestion. However, both under and over-processing can impair meal digestibility. Extrusion heating significantly contributes to protein and starch digestibility while reducing certain ANFs. Thermomechanical and enzyme-assisted procedures reduce heat-resistant proteins more efficiently than extraction methods, producing soy protein concentrate (SPC) and fermentation. These techniques reduce ANFs in SBM, activating digestive enzymes and alleviating digestive tract pressure, leading to decreased endogenous protein deficits. Exogenous enzyme supplementation is a biotechnological approach for enhancing the nutritional content of SBM and certain other protein-rich products. However, different processing methods not only affect protein digestibility but also impact poultry production, gastrointestinal health, and the environment due to higher nitrogen excrement. Ammonia (NH3) emissions, are a significant environmental concern in chicken farming, resulting from uric acid production during protein consumption. It has a negative impact on the environment and the health of birds/humans. This review investigates the impact of several processing techniques on the digestibility of SBM protein and the reduction of N2 regarding one health concept. Future research should focus on identifying optimal processing methods maximizing protein digestibility while minimizing environmental nitrogen impacts.

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Effects of different protein sources in low-phosphorus diets on calculated basal endogenous loss of phosphorus by growing pigs

Nelson,

Lee,

Stein

2024

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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Digestibility and Availability of Nutrients in Feed Ingredients

Cited by 6 publications

References 380 publications

Prediction models for basal endogenous losses of crude protein and amino acids in pigs

Prediction models for basal endogenous losses of crude protein and amino acids in pigs

Influence of Various Methods of Processing Soybeans on Protein Digestibility and Reduction of Nitrogen Deposits in the Natural Environment – A Review

Effects of different protein sources in low-phosphorus diets on calculated basal endogenous loss of phosphorus by growing pigs

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