Digestibility and Number of Bites and Chews on Hay at Fixed Level in Hokkaido Native Horses and Light Half-bred Horses.

Shingu, Yuko; Kondo, Seiji; Hata, Hiroshi; Okubo, Masahiko

doi:10.1294/jes.12.145

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The size characteristics of washed faecal particles in the present experiment did not differ between the horses despite their different body mass. This is in agreement with Shingu et al (2001) who reported that the apparent digestibility of NDF, DM or crude protein is independent of body mass and breeds.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This indicates that the mean chewing time per kg DM is proportional to the inverse body mass in horses. The results correspond to findings by Shingu et al (2001) who reported that chewing rate did not differ between 385 kg native Hokkaido horses and 536 kg light horses. The mean chewing time per kg DM is considered to be proportional to the inver-…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The effect of grain type and processing on equine chewing time

Bröckner

Nørgaard

Söland

2006

PHK

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryAn experiment was conducted to study the hypothesis that increased grain NDF and feed particle size result in increased chewing time in horse. Three adult Standardbred horses (Group I) and 3 adult Icelandic horses (Group II) were fed 3 daily meals during 3 consecutive days in two 3 x 3 completely randomized block design experiments. Meals of (Group I: 1.0 kg and Group II: 0.5 kg) oats, barley and wheat were fed whole, rolled and ground at 10 am, 12 pm, 2 pm. Chewing activity was measured using a special chewing halter. The basic chewing rate is estimated as jaw movements (JM) per min. Efficient chewing time (EPTIME) in min per kg DM is chewing time corrected for pauses. Regularity of JM is standard deviation of time intervals between individual JM. Faecal particle size was analysed using sieving technique and image analysis. The mean EPTIME was 22 and 15 min/kg DM grain (P<0.01) for Icelandic and Standardbred horses, respectively. The basic chewing rate, chewing regularity and faecal particle size did not differ between horses. The EPTIME for whole grain was 18 min/kg DM but not systematically shorter than for ground grain (20 min/kg DM). EPTIME for oats was 21 min/kg DM but not significantly longer than wheat (18 min/kg DM). Jaw movements were systematically more regular during intake of whole grain as compared to ground grain (P<0.01). In conclusion, the presumed hypothesis could not be accepted. The achieved results indicate that regularity of jaw movements during eating provide a new method for quantifying cereal grain characteristics. The achieved results indicate that regularity of jaw movements during eating provide a new biological method for quantifying cereal grain characteristics.Keywords: chewing, grain characteristics, NDF, Icelandic horse, Standardbred, faecal, particle size Auswirkung von Getreideart und -verarbeitung auf die Kauzeit beim PferdDie Hypothese des Experiments war, dass höhere NDF-Gehalte in Getreide und gröbere Vermahlung beim Pferd in einer längeren Kauzeit resultieren. Drei erwachsene Traberpferde (Gruppe I) und drei erwachsene Islandpferde (Gruppe II) wurden drei Mal täglich, während drei aufeinander folgenden Tagen gefüttert. Des Experiment wurde als 3 x 3 Block-Design organisiert. Die Mahlzeit (Gruppe I: 1.0 kg und Gruppe II: 0.5 kg) bestand aus Hafer, Gerste und Weizen. Es wurde als ganzes, walzenförmig und gemahlen um 10 Uhr, 12 Uhr und 14 Uhr verabreicht. Die Kauaktivität wurde mit einem speziellen Halfter gemessen. Die Standardkaufrequenz ist angegeben als (JM) pro Minute. Die effektive Kauzeit (EPTIME) in Minuten pro kg TS ist die Kauzeit berichtigt um die Pausen. Die Gleichmäßigkeit des JM ist die Standardabweichung von Zeitintervallen zwischen den einzelnen JM. Die Größe der Kotpartikel wurde analysiert unter Anwendung der Siebtechnik und Bildanalyse. Der Mittelwert des EPTIME war zwischen 22 und 15 min/kg TS Korn (P<0.01) für Islandpferde beziehungsweise Traber. Die Standardkaufrequenz, die Gleichmäßigkeit des JM und die Größe der Kotpartikel waren nicht verschied...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The effect of grain type and processing on equine chewing time

Bröckner

Nørgaard

Söland

2006

PHK

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the difference between effective eating time for hay found by Raff et al. (2006), Shingu et al. (2001) and the present experiment are vastly different (56, 55 vs 102 min/kg NDF).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

“…Icelandic horses used 14 JM/kg ADF hay in the present experiment. Shingu et al. (2001) found less than half as many JM/kg ADF hay (6.3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of feed type and essential oil product on equine chewing activity

Brøkner

Nørgaard

Hansen

2008

Animal Physiology Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ingestive and post-digestion effect of a blend of special essential oil compounds (EO) on eating, chewing and faecal parameters were measured in horses. Ingestive effects appear after no adaptation. Post-digestion effects appear after adaptation. Six Icelandic horses were assigned to two groups in a Latin Square subplot design with EO treatments to four different roughage types and four different concentrates. The horses were fed four different roughage meals and two different concentrate meals on each of the four sampling days. Eating time and saliva were observed during meals. Jaw movements (JM) were recorded using a special chewing halter. Eating time was derived from JM and related to DM intake. The size characteristics of faecal particles were measured by using image analysis. All chewing characteristics measured were significantly affected by roughage (p < 0.001) and concentrate type (p < 0.01). EO had a significant ingestive effect on the frequency of observed saliva during concentrate meals. No significant (p < 0.05) post-digestive or ingestive effect of EO was found for any measured chewing characteristic, which was reflected in the absence of effect on faecal particle dimensions. In conclusion, effect of type of roughage and concentrate was more significant than potential effects of EO.

show abstract

“…Agronomic and conservation benefits of mixed pasturing or continuing grazing to late autumn when horses start to use a wider range of plants and eat more woody material [89] needs further research. Use of native breeds [90] on semi-natural pastures in which they have evolved, also requires more research in order to achieve greater recognition of their potential among horse breeders and owners. Multifunctional use of grazing land reinforces the need for interdisciplinary research so that broader benefits to the society, beyond economic efficiency, are reflected in the use and management of grazing lands.…”

Section: Conclusion and Implications To Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horse Welfare and Natural Values on Semi-Natural and Extensive Pastures in Finland: Synergies and Trade-Offs

Saastamoinen

Herzon

Särkijärvi

et al. 2017

Land

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:In several regions in Europe, the horse is becoming a common grazer on semi-natural and cultivated grasslands, though the pasturing benefits for animals and biodiversity alike are not universally appreciated. The composition of ground vegetation on pastures determines the value of both the forage for grazing animals as well as the biodiversity values for species associated with the pastoral ecosystems. We studied three pastures, each representing one of the management types in southern Finland (latitudes 60-61): semi-natural, permanent and cultivated grassland. All have been grazed exclusively by horses for several decades. We aimed to evaluate feeding values and horses' welfare, on the one hand, and impacts of horses on biodiversity in boreal conditions, on the other. Though there were differences among the pastures, the nutritional value of the vegetation in all three pastures met the energy and protein needs of most horse categories through the whole grazing season. Some mineral concentrations were low compared to the requirements, and supplementation of Cu, Zn and Na is needed to balance the mineral intake. Only minor injuries or health problems were observed. All metrics of biological values, as well as number of species eaten by horses, were particularly high in a semi-natural pasture compared to other pasture types. The highest ratio of species cover preferred by horses to the total cover was found in the permanent pasture, while at the regularly re-seeded pasture, there was a particularly high cover of species, indicating low biodiversity values on grassland. There was, therefore, a trade-off between the quantity of forage and biological values in pastures, but not in quality. The results provide clear indication both for the suitability of the studied pasture types to horses and for grazing of horses for biodiversity management. In each pasture type, specific management is needed to simultaneously achieve objectives of adequate pasturing and biodiversity. The short duration (only one grazing season) must be considered when applying the results.

show abstract

Digestibility and Number of Bites and Chews on Hay at Fixed Level in Hokkaido Native Horses and Light Half-bred Horses.

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

The effect of grain type and processing on equine chewing time

The effect of grain type and processing on equine chewing time

Effect of feed type and essential oil product on equine chewing activity

Horse Welfare and Natural Values on Semi-Natural and Extensive Pastures in Finland: Synergies and Trade-Offs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About