Digestibility and oxidative stability of plant lipid assemblies: An underexplored source of potentially bioactive surfactants?

Abstract

BSSL Bile-salt simulated lipase CCK Cholecystokinin CEH Carboxyl ester hydrolase (pancreatic) CLSM Confocal laser scanning microscopy CMC Critical Micelle Concentration COB Crude OB CRF Chloroplast rich fraction DBE Dissociating Bond Energy DGDG Digalactosyldiacylglycerol DGMG Digalactosylmonoacylglycerol DHA Docosahexaenoic acid EPA Eicosapentaenoic acid FA Fatty acid FFA Free Fatty acid GI Gastrointestinal GL Galactolipid GLP-1 Glucagon-like peptide 1 GPLRP2 Guinea pig pancreatic lipase related protein 2 HGL Human gastric lipase HII Inverse hexagonal phase HPL Human pancreatic lipase HPLRP2 Human pancreatic lipase related protein 2 LA Linoleic acid L Lamellar phase LC-PUFA Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid MGDG Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol MGMG Monogalactosylmonoacylglycerol OB Oil body PA Phosphatidic acid

Interfacial adsorption and activity of pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 onto heterogeneous plant lipid model membranes

“…GL are naturally rich in the essential -linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3 3), which is the precursor of longer chain 3 fatty acids, the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5, 3), and the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 3), resulting from elongation and desaturation reactions (Kergomard et al, 2021). In particular, these two long-chain PUFA play a crucial role in the homeostatic regulation of the human body by being the precursors of signaling oxygenated lipids involved in inflammation resolution processes in our body (Saini & Keum, 2018).…”

Production of eicosapentaenoic acid in polar lipids in Nannochloropsis oceanica

“…Nevertheless, despite the medical impact of these sources on our health, they present several disadvantages. Firstly, the use of fish oil has been questioned due to the presence of contaminants such as mercury (Guallar et al 2002), low oxidation stability (Kergomard et al 2021), unpleasant odour and high dependence on fish wild-catches (Naylor et al 2021). Krill is an essential feed of sea mammals and uncontrolled catches could destabilise marine ecosystems (Grant et al 2013).…”

“…The distribution of EPA between distinct lipid classes could influence the final application of the microalgalderived oil. For instance, EPA esterified in PL has been shown to have a higher biodigestibility than EPA esterified in NL (Kergomard et al 2021). Additionally, the specific location of EPA in the fatty acyl chain of the lipid class can provide relevant information on the active metabolic routes.…”

“…In addition, the high content of PUFAs and the presence of different sugar residues in the polar head can provide new emulsifying and encapsulation properties. Besides, PUFAs are generally very susceptible to oxidation and the addition of external antioxidants, such as tocopherol, is necessary when they are esterified in TAG (Kergomard et al 2021). Glycolipids are essential in the composition of the thylakoid membranes, and they are embedded within a highly oxidative environment together with carotenoids and other antioxidants.…”

“…Current sources of n-3 FAs greatly differ in their lipid composition, being fish oil mainly composed of TAGs and soybean lecithin and krill oil containing a higher percentage of polar lipids (Table 14). The use of a polar carrier of EPA has been linked to better absorption of EPA in the gastrointestinal tract of humans (Domoto et al 2013) and even to higher oxidative stability (Kergomard et al 2021). PUFAs esterified in polar lipids are hypothesised to be more accessible to absorption than PUFAs esterified in TAG despite more evidence being required to demonstrate that (Schuchardt and Hahn 2013;Ghasemifard et al 2014;Bordoni et al 2021).…”