Digestibility, protein retention rate and ammonia excretion in juvenile fat snook (Centropomus parallelus) fed with different protein levels

Abstract

Digestibility, protein retention rate and ammonia excretion in juvenile fat snook (Centropomus parallelus) fed with different.Ciência Rural, v.47, n.7, 2017. INTRODUCTIONCentropomus parallelus (fat snook) is a marine fish that is highly valued for its meat, which has excellent organoleptic qualities and is low in fat and calories, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and white in color. However, despite its high value in domestic and foreign markets, the species has been threatened by predatory fishing and anthropogenic impacts (DUTKA-GIANELLI, 2010). For commercial breeding to become a reality, several types of scientific information are needed, including data on animal nutrition.In animal nutrition, evaluation of feed digestibility coefficient is important to maximize nutrient utilization, reduce production costs and minimize water pollution by reducing the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter that is eliminated (CANESIN et al. 2012). Digestibility, i.e., the ability of an animal to digest and absorb the nutrients contained in the diet, is one of the criteria used to quantify the diets nutrient utilization efficiency (BERCHIELLI et al., 2011;POND et al., 2005).Protein is one of the most important nutrients in fish diets due to its role in growth, maintenance and reproduction as well as being an important source of energy (MARTÍNEZ-PALÁCIOS et al., 2007), so it should be included at adequate levels in the diet to ensure good protein efficiency (CARVALHO et al., 2010). When included in excess, protein results in increased ammonia excretion (SÁ et al., 2008)

Growth performance and body composition of hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus O. aureus) fed with different protein levels raised in saltwater

“…In the present study, the PER values were not statistically different among dietary treatments. However, the polynomial regression analysis indicated a negative relationship between PER value and dietary protein content, where fish fed the 25.6 and 30.8% CP diets exhibited the highest and lowest PER value numerically, respectively, and in accordance to the literature (Wing-Keong & Rosdiana, 2007;Carvalho et al, 2017). So, considering the polynomial regression analysis, it can be stated that 25.6% CP can be considered as the optimum dietary protein content.…”

“…When fish are fed protein-poor diets (i.e., the dietary protein levels are lower than the fish physiological demand) growth and production performances are impaired and depending on the circumstances their health and welfare might be affected as well. On the other hand, when fish are fed protein-rich diets, in which dietary protein content exceeds their physiological demand, growth and production performances are not optimized due to catabolic processes with a concomitant increase in ammonia excretion (Kaushik & Seiliez, 2010;Carvalho et al, 2017).…”

“…The protein efficiency is affected by many factors, mainly fish size, age and protein source (Al-Hafedh, 1999). Carvalho et al (2017) reported a reduction of PER value with an increase of dietary protein level increasing ammonia excretion. In the present study, the PER values were not statistically different among dietary treatments.…”

Evaluation of optimum dietary protein requirement for maximum growth of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) fingerlings

“…Total ammonia and orthophosphate are used as an index of protein metabolism because excess protein is excreted as ammonia is fish (Carvalho et al, 2017). The amount of total ammonia and phosphate excretion in water arises according to the protein content in fish diet (Ballestrazzi et al, 1994) means higher the dietary protein level higher will be the ammonia and phosphate excretion (Al‐Hafedh et al, 2008).…”

Effect of Four Treated Forms of Lemna minor on Zootechnical Balance and Digestive Performance of Juvenile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa)

“…Nf Survival rate (SR%) = Ni (6) Wf-Wi Daily weight gain (DWG, g/j) = t (7) LnWf LnWi Specific growth rate (SGR, %/j) = t 100   (8) Feed intake (g) Feed conversion ratio (FCR) = Dry weight gain (g) (9) Weight gain (g) Protein efficiency ratio (PER) = Protéins gain (g) The nutrient retention parameters were determined using the following equations as described by Carvalho 43…”