Digestion and absorption in the large intestine of the sheep

Goodall, E. D.; Kay, R. N. B.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1965.sp007531

Cited by 57 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Direct measurements of the volume of digesta passing a cannula in sheep confirm that almost all the contents flowed in advance of the regular spiking phase of the migrating myo-electric complex. A similar pattern of flow probably persists as far as the terminal ileum since digesta are expelled from an open ileal cannula as a rapid series of discrete boli at intervals of 1-2 hr (Goodall & Kay, 1965).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate of flow of digesta and electrical activity of the small intestine in dogs and sheep.

Buéno¹,

Fioramonti²,

Ruckebusch³

1975

The Journal of Physiology

177

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SUMMARY1. Spiking activity of the small intestine in the conscious dog and sheep was recorded continuously from electrodes chronically implanted on the jejunum and summed at intervals of 20 sec. The activity was related to the transit time and flow rate of intestinal contents as estimated by phenol red and by dilution of continuous marker infusions respectively. Also in some sheep the flow of digesta was measured directly from a cannula in the proximal part of the jejunum, and also by use of an electromagnetic flow meter.2. In the fasted dog and in sheep on a normal diet the intestinal activity was characterized by a migrating myo-electric complex comprising an irregular phase followed by a regular phase. These migrating myoelectric complexes occurred regularly after a period of inactivity at a frequency of 15-20/24 hr. In dogs after feeding, a continuous spiking activity appeared and persisted for periods of 7-8 hr. This was associated with much higher rates of flow and shorter transit times than were observed during fasting. In sheep, continuous spiking activity could be induced by intravenous injection of 5-hydroxytryptophan and this, similarly, was accompanied by a more rapid flow and a shorter transit time than recorded during the control period.3. In both species the longest transit time occurred when a phenol red bolus was injected during the period of electrical inactivity. Relatively short transit times were observed when the bolus was administered just before the period of regular spiking activity.4. When relaxation of the bowel was induced by intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic saline there was no spiking activity and the transit time for the infused solution was greatly lengthened, especially in the sheep. A noticeable flow of digestive contents persisted in the dog.5. In the sheep the intestinal contents flowed intermittently during 70 L. BUENO, J. FIORAMONTI AND Y. RUCKEBUSCH periods of 10-15 min and at the same frequency as the migrating myo-electric complex. Two thirds of this flow took place in the 4-6 min immediately preceding the periods of irregular spiking activity. 6. It is concluded that in the fasted dog and in the sheep the migrating myo-electric complex controls the pressure gradients on which the flow of intestinal contents depends. This is accomplished in the main by the prolonged phase of irregular spiking activity, and it is suggested that the regular spiking activity which follows it, though not in itself propulsive, serves as a barrier to prevent backflow of digesta into the quiescent part of the intestine. When continuous spiking activity is induced, by feeding in the dog and by injection of 5-hydroxytryptophan in the sheep, no part of the intestine is quiescent and the transit time is shortened by the incessant irregular spiking activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate of flow of digesta and electrical activity of the small intestine in dogs and sheep.

Buéno¹,

Fioramonti²,

Ruckebusch³

1975

The Journal of Physiology

177

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“…H. SMITH MINERALS IN CALF ILEAL EFFLUENT Such calves show about 5-10 times greater sodium, potassium and water emergence rates than do milk-fed calves (unpublished observations). Sheep on similar solid diets show comparably high rates of flow of ileal effluent (Goodall & Kay, 1965). This is probably partly due to the presence of roughage and may be comparable to a similar effect when cabbage is eaten by humans (Kramer et al 1962).…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…However, although milk constituents do not appear to affect appreciably sodium and potassium emergence rates, constituents of other diets (in addition to excessive magnesium) may do so. An example of this is seen in calves fed solid diets (hay and cereals, etc., or pasture (Goodall & Kay, 1965). This is probably partly due to the presence of roughage and may be comparable to a similar effect when cabbage is eaten by humans (Kramer et al 1962).…”

Section: Cation and Water Inter-relations In Ileal Effluentmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mineral composition and rates of flow of effluent from the distal ileum of liquid‐fed calves

Smith¹

1966

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Liquid-fed calves (aged 12-4 months) examined more than five weeks after inserting a re-entrant fistula into the distal ileum, of normal sodium and potassium status and without abnormal gut infection, showed mean emergence rates from the ileum for sodium, potassium and water of 2*3 m-mole/hr, 0-38 m-mole/hr and 21 g/hr respectively after 16 hr fasting.2. Sodium and potassium emergence rates changed little when the residues from a milk or glucose-solution feed arrived at the distal ileum. When magnesium chloride was added to a glucose-solution feed an increase sometimes occurred but only in association with decreased smallintestine transit time.3. Widely differing sodium and potassium intakes had no appreciable direct effect on their emergence rates. Continued feeding of a diet deficient in either ion, however, altered the calf's metabolism and led to appropriate changes in the sodium/potassium ratio of ileal effluent. These changes were not simulated by injecting adrenal cortex hormones. The ratio also decreased when ileal effluent was allowed to discharge for several weeks without being returned to the colon. It was abnormally high in samples obtained less than five weeks after inserting cannulae.4. An increase in sodium and potassium emergence rates, which often occurred spontaneously at about 3 months of age, appeared to be due to infection and was usually prevented by giving aureomycin orally.5. Water emergence rate reflected changes in the emergence rates of osmotically effective constituents and isotonicity was maintained. In effluent after fasting, the cations involved were mainly sodium and potassium, and [Na]

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“…There was very little faecal Na loss in group T ewes, an effect of enhanced active reabsorption of Na from the lower gut that has been demonstrated in Na-deficient animals Mean values were significantly different from those for controls: * P < 0.05, * * P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 by several workers (Goodall & Kay, 1965;Blair-West et al 1968). Renal conservation of Na was also very efficient, similar to that reported by numerous workers (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Effects of sodium intake during two parities on Na status in Blackface sheep

Michell

et al. 1987

Br J Nutr

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1.A low-sodium diet was given to Blackface ewes over two reproductive seasons. This diet provided a total of 3-7 mmol/d except during lactation when the intake was about 11 mmol/d. Control ewes were given the same diet supplemented with sodium chloride to provide recommended levels which were about tenfold that of the experimental diet.2. The output of Na in urine and faeces from ewes given the low-Na diet was very low, about 3 mmol/d, from early in the experiment and continued at about this level throughout.3. Lambs born to low-Na ewes and given a low-Na diet similar to that of their dams during lactation, grew, after weaning, more slowly than corresponding lambs from control ewes, but at 6 months of age when six from each group were killed, tissue Na contents were only slightly lower in experimental than control lambs.4. Fluids and tissues obtained at the end of the second lactation from four ewes of each group that had suckled twin lambs, were analysed for Na and potassium. The Na concentration in saliva and rumen fluid of low-Na ewes was about half that of control ewes and there were corresponding increases in K: the differences were significant. Although Na concentrations for experimental ewes were generally lower than those for control ewes in the tissues analysed (liver, kidney, heart, brain and bone), the difference was significant only for the heart (P < 0.05). Haemoglobin and packed cell volume were significantly elevated in low-Na ewes (P < 0.01), indicating decreased body fluid volume. Enlargement of the adrenal glands in low-Na ewes (P < 0.01) and specifically in the zona glomerulosa (P < 0.001), showed the marked hormonal response to Na status of experimental ewes given a very-low-Na diet over two reproductive cycles.An experiment was carried out over two reproductive cycles to determine the effects of a low sodium intake on productive performance and health in Blackface ewes and their lambs. The efficiency of reproduction of these experimental ewes and of corresponding control ewes has been described recently (Vincent et al. 19863): no significant difference was observed in any aspect of reproduction between these two groups of ewes. Furthermore, there were no differences in milk yield and growth of the lambs (Vincent et al. 1986a). The experiment provided an opportunity to determine Na and potassium levels in excreta from the ewes, and in tissues and fluids from small groups of first-year lambs, and of ewes killed at the end of the second lactation.These three sets of values, the Na and K contents of excreta of ewes, tissues of lambs and tissues of ewes are described in the present paper. They provide information on the Na status of these animals, particularly the ewes. MATERIALS A N D METHODS Animals and dietsForty-two mature Blackface ewes were divided into two groups of similar mean live weight, one group was given a control diet (C) providing adequate Na, the other group a low-Na diet (T). They were housed on wooden slats throughout the two seasons, except when the lambs were small. From abou...

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Digestion and absorption in the large intestine of the sheep

Cited by 57 publications

References 15 publications

Rate of flow of digesta and electrical activity of the small intestine in dogs and sheep.

Rate of flow of digesta and electrical activity of the small intestine in dogs and sheep.

Mineral composition and rates of flow of effluent from the distal ileum of liquid‐fed calves

Effects of sodium intake during two parities on Na status in Blackface sheep

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