Digestion, rumen fermentation and chewing behaviour of red deer fed fresh chicory and perennial ryegrass

Hoskin, S. O.; Stafford, K. J.; Barry, T. N.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600072956

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The DM content of the chicory/ryegrass swards were lower than the ryegrass treatment, reflecting other research findings for a low DM content of chicory in comparison to ryegrass [9], [43]and that increasing proportions of chicory within ryegrass swards reduced the DM content of the harvested forage [44]. Factors affecting voluntary intake in ruminants are complex in nature but it is influenced by forage DM content [45] and it was possible that the low DM of chicory could have reduced voluntary intake, and thus the performance, of the beef steers in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effects of Chicory/Perennial Ryegrass Swards Compared with Perennial Ryegrass Swards on the Performance and Carcass Quality of Grazing Beef Steers

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An experiment investigated whether the inclusion of chicory (Cichorium intybus) in swards grazed by beef steers altered their performance, carcass characteristics or parasitism when compared to steers grazing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Triplicate 2-ha plots were established with a chicory/ryegrass mix or ryegrass control. Forty-eight Belgian Blue-cross steers were used in the first grazing season and a core group (n = 36) were retained for finishing in the second grazing season. The experiment comprised of a standardisation and measurement period. During standardisation, steers grazed a ryegrass/white clover pasture as one group. Animals were allocated to treatment on the basis of liveweight, body condition and faecal egg counts (FEC) determined 7 days prior to the measurement period. The measurement period ran from 25 May until 28 September 2010 and 12 April until 11 October 2011in the first and second grazing year. Steers were weighed every 14 days at pasture or 28 days during housing. In the first grazing year, faecal samples were collected for FEC and parasite cultures. At the end of the first grazing year, individual blood samples were taken to determine O. ostertagi antibody and plasma pepsinogen levels. During winter, animals were housed as one group and fed silage. In the second grazing year, steers were slaughtered when deemed to reach fat class 3. Data on steer performance showed no differences in daily live-weight gain which averaged 1.04 kg/day. The conformation, fat grade and killing out proportion of beef steers grazing chicory/ryegrass or ryegrass were not found to differ. No differences in FEC, O. ostertagi antibody or plasma pepsinogen levels of beef steers grazing either chicory/ryegrass or ryegrass were observed. Overall, there were no detrimental effects of including chicory in swards grazed by beef cattle on their performance, carcass characteristics or helminth parasitism, when compared with steers grazing ryegrass.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Effects of Chicory/Perennial Ryegrass Swards Compared with Perennial Ryegrass Swards on the Performance and Carcass Quality of Grazing Beef Steers

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Deer grazing chicory spend slightly less time eating and significantly less time ruminating than those grazing pasture (Kusmartono et al 1996a). Hoskin et al (1995) showed that deer fed freshly-cut pure chicory indoors spent a similar time eating (361 v 379 min/24h) but markedly less time ruminating (33 v 270 min/24h) than those fed perennial ryegrass. Kusmartono et al (1996b) showed that the reduced ruminating time was associated with faster rumen particle breakdown and faster disappearance of DM from the rumen in deer fed chicory, thus explaining the potential for greater autumn VFI in deer grazing this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effects of grazing chicory (Cichorium intybus) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) on venison and velvet production by young red and hybrid deer

Min

Barry

Wilson

et al. 1997

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of grazing chicory, Lotus corniculatus, and perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture on growth, voluntary feed intake (VFI), and venison and velvet production was studied in red and hybrid deer from weaning to slaughter at one year of age. Twenty five percent of red and 75% of hybrid stags attained the target slaughter weight (50 kg carcass or greater) when grazing pasture and spiker velvet antler weight was low (approximately 0.2 kg/stag). Mean carcass weight of deer grazing chicory was higher than for deer grazing pasture (P < 0.05), due to increased liveweight gain (LWG) in both autumn and spring, and to higher dressing-out percentage at slaughter. Carcass weights for red and hybrid stags were 56.0 and 59.3 kg, respectively, when grazed on chicory and 48.6 and 53.3 kg, respectively, when grazed on pasture (P < 0.01). Hybrid hinds grazing chicory had a significantly higher carcass weight (P < 0.05) and dressing-out percentage (P < 0.01) than those grazing pasture.Chicory had a higher organic matter digestibility (OMD) than pasture, and VFI was higher than on pasture during autumn but was similar in spring. Relative to pasture, chicory grazing increased total spiker velvet antler production (323 v 225 g/stag) by advancing the dates of pedicle initiation, antler initiation, and of first velvet cutting and increasing the rate of velvet antler length growth. Initiation of velvet growth was correlated with liveweight (LW), with each 10 kg increase in LW advancing the dates of pedicle initiation, commencement of velvet growth, and first velvet cutting by 10, 18, and 13 days, respectively. Earlier velvet growth in deer fed chicory could thus largely be explained by the higher liveweight of deer grazing this forage.Observations from deer grazing lotus were limited due to problems with lotus establishment. Grazing lotus increased LWG of stags during autumn compared with perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture (248 v 176 g/day) and increased the efficiency of growth in spring, with LWG being similar to deer grazing pasture, but VFI being lower (1.53 v 2.00 kg OM/day). OMD of lotus was higher than pasture during autumn, but not in spring. Stags grazing lotus produced similar velvet antler weight to stags grazing pasture.Total condensed tannin (CT) concentration in hand plucked and oesophageal fistulae (OF) extrusa samples, respectively, were 48 v 13 g/kg OM for lotus, 3.1 v 5.8 g/kg OM for chicory, and 0.3 v 1.5 g/kg OM for pasture. It was concluded that chicory was of high feeding value for increasing venison and velvet production from young deer. Results suggest that the CT content of lotus may improve the efficiency of growth in young deer.

show abstract

“…It has been found that rumen microfloras adapted to digest high-quality diets contain larger numbers of protozoa (Giesecke and Van Gylswyk 1975;Hoskin et al 1995) and large bacteria (Giesecke and Van Gylswyk 1975) than non-adapted rumen microfloras. Nevertheless, Baker and Dijkstra (1999) pointed out the difficulty of estimating variations in the rumen flora; for example, some components have symbiotic relationships and others are associated with the fluid phase of the rumen content, and are therefore easily quantified, but others are associated with the surface of the solid phase of the rumen content or even fixed to the rumen mucosa.…”

Section: Interaction Between Rumen-microflora Adaptation and Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of adaptation of rumen microflora on in vitro digestion of different forages by sheep and red deer

Gordon¹,

Pérez‐Barbería²,

Cuartas³

2002

Can. J. Zool.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rumen microflora ecosystem adapts to the diet consumed by the animal. We tested the extent to which this adaptation facilitates or retards the digestion of plant-based forages. Following adaptation of sheep (Ovis aries) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) to diets containing different mixtures of alfalfa, grass, and heather (a dwarf shrub), an in vitro digestion technique was used to compare the ability of the rumen microflora to digest the mixtures of substrates to which they were adapted with their ability to digest different mixtures of the same substrates. In vitro digestion of different substrates was slightly greater in rumen liquor derived from sheep than in that derived from red deer for each of the different substrates, but the effect was not significant. Digestibility in sheep was independent of how the feed was presented (diet of equal proportions of alfalfa, grass, and heather in each meal (D-EQ): mean in vitro digestibility = 37.3%; alfalfa, grass, and heather presented sequentially on different days (D-SEQ): mean in vitro digestibility = 37.7%, SE of differences = 1.30%, p > 0.05). However, in red deer there was a significant effect of method of diet presentation (D-EQ: mean in vitro digestibility = 36.9%; D-SEQ: mean in vitro digestibility = 34.2%, SE of differences = 1.30%, p < 0.05), digestibility being substantially lower for D-SEQ than for D-EQ. Overall, the results demonstrated that whilst there were no species-specific differences in overall digestion efficiency, dietary adaptation had an effect on substrate digestion efficiency, with rumen microbes adapted to high-quality diets digesting these more efficiently than low-quality diets.Résumé : L'écosystème constitué par la microflore du rumen s'adapte au régime alimentaire. Nous avons tenté de déterminer à quel point cette adaptation facilite ou retarde la digestion dans le cas d'un régime végétarien. Après l'adaptation de moutons (Ovis aries) et de cerfs d'Europe (Cervus elaphus) à des régimes constitués de divers mélan-ges de luzerne, d'herbe et de bruyère (un buisson nain), nous avons comparé la capacité des différentes microflores de digérer les mélanges auxquels elles ont été adaptées au préalable à leur capacité de digérer ces mêmes mélanges in vitro. La digestion in vitro de différents substrats est légèrement plus rapide dans le fluide du rumen du mouton que dans celui du rumen du cerf pour chacun des substrats, mais l'effet n'est pas significatif. La digestibilité des aliments chez le mouton ne dépend pas de la manière dont l'animal est nourri (luzerne, herbe et bruyère en proportions égales à chaque repas (D-EQ) : digestibilité moyenne in vitro = 37,3 %; présentation de luzerne, d'herbe et de bruyère tour à tour, à différentes journées (D-SEQ) = 37,7 %, erreur type de difference = 1,30 %, p > 0,05). Cependant, la méthode de présentation des aliments affecte leur digestibilité chez le cerf d'Europe (D-EQ : moyenne = 36,9 %; D-SEQ = 34,2 %, erreur type de difference = 1,30 %, p < 0,05) et la digestibilité des aliments donnés en séquence ...

show abstract

Digestion, rumen fermentation and chewing behaviour of red deer fed fresh chicory and perennial ryegrass

Cited by 36 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of Chicory/Perennial Ryegrass Swards Compared with Perennial Ryegrass Swards on the Performance and Carcass Quality of Grazing Beef Steers

Effects of Chicory/Perennial Ryegrass Swards Compared with Perennial Ryegrass Swards on the Performance and Carcass Quality of Grazing Beef Steers

The effects of grazing chicory (Cichorium intybus) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) on venison and velvet production by young red and hybrid deer

The influence of adaptation of rumen microflora on in vitro digestion of different forages by sheep and red deer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About