Digestive Efficiencies and Maintenance Energy Requirements of Captive Wild Felidae: Cougar (Felis concolor); Leopard (Panthera pardus); Lion (Panthera leo); And Tiger (Panthera tigris)

Barbiers, R. B.; Vosburgh, L. M.; Ku, P. K.; Ullrey, D. E.; Ju, Wendy

doi:10.2307/20094560

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Digestibilities reported for commercial diets fed to felids vary widely. Our values are similar to those reported by Barbiers et al [1982] for four large felid species fed Feline Diet. The commercial diet fits well into the overall relationships between nutrient content and digestibility of whole prey (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Nutritional composition and digestibility by ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) of whole animals and a commercial diet

2010

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Felids are adapted to eat whole prey, but in North American zoos are usually fed processed diets based on muscle meat. We analyzed proximate nutrient composition and digestibility by ocelots of a commercial processed diet and whole animals of five species. The processed diet did not differ significantly from the whole animals in proximate composition, although it was at one end of the range of results for all nutrients. Domestic chicks were significantly lower than all other dietary items tested in digestibility of energy and fat, and lower than rabbits and quail in digestibility of dry matter. There were no other significant differences. These results suggest that the commercial diet tested provides an appropriate nutritional environment for ocelots with respect to proximate constituents. Studies of vitamin and mineral composition and digestibility and comparisons to wild prey species should be conducted to permit a full evaluation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Our values for all proximate constituents fall within the ranges of published values [e.g. Barbiers et al, 1982; Dierenfeld, 1993; Hackenburger and Atkinson, 1983; White et al, 2007].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Nutritional composition and digestibility by ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) of whole animals and a commercial diet

2010

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“…Vester et al [] observed that the EE digestibility was 95.1, 93.9, 94.0, 96.1, and 96.2% in bobcat, jaguar, cheetah, Malayan tiger, and Amur tiger, respectively. Similarly, Barbiers et al [] reported that EE digestibility for the Indian leopard ranged from 94.5 to 99%, very close to the range observed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The apparent digestibility of CP ranged from 84.6 to 87.8% (mean 86.8 ± 0.19), which was within the range of 83.1–89.7% reported in captive leopard [Barbiers et al, ]. However, apparent digestibility of CP was higher (90–97%) in felids fed meat trimmings or muscle meat [Kerr et al, ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Effect of feeding Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) root as prebiotic on nutrient utilization, fecal characteristics and serum metabolite profile of captive Indian leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) fed a meat‐on‐bone diet

et al. 2015

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An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of incorporating Jerusalem artichoke (JA) as a prebiotic in the diet of Indian leopards (n = 11 adults) fed a meat-on-bone diet. The trial consisted of three periods (A1 , B, and A2 ). Each period comprised 17 days of adaptation and four days of collection. During the control periods (A1 and A2 ), the leopards were fed their normal zoo diets of 2.5-3 kg of buffalo meat-on-bone six days a week without any supplement. During trial B, meat-on-bone diets of the leopards were supplemented with JA at 2% of dietary dry matter (DM). Meat consumption was similar among the treatments. Supplementation of JA decreased the digestibility of crude protein (P < 0.01). Digestibilities of organic matter and ether extract were similar among the treatments. Serum concentrations of urea and triglycerides were lower (P < 0.05) when JA was added to the diet. Incorporation of JA to the basal diet increased fecal concentrations of acetate (P < 0.01), butyrate (P < 0.01), lactate (P < 0.01), Lactobacillus spp., and Bifidobacterium spp. (P < 0.01) with a simultaneous decrease in the concentration of ammonia (P < 0.01), Clostridia spp. (P < 0.01), and fecal pH (P < 0.01). Fecal microbial profiles and hind gut fermentation were improved, without any adverse effects on feed consumption, nutrient utilization, and serum metabolite profiles. Results of this experiment showed that feeding JA at 2% DM in the whole diet could be potentially beneficial for captive Indian leopards fed meat-on-bone diets.

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“…In the case of several bear diets, a proxy for NfE was calculated using TDF rather than CF values, which were not analyzed in the respective studies. The resulting NfE values were 0%; Harris et al, 1951;Mautz, 1976, 1980;Hamor, 1983;Szymeczko and Skrede, 1991;Ball and Golightly, 1992;Barboza et al, 1994;Skrede, 1995, 1998;Dahlman et al, 2002;Ahlstrom et al, 2003;Silva et al, 2005;Childs-Sanford and Angel, 2006 Felids Acinonyx jubatus, Caracal caracal, Felis concolor, F. margarita, F. pardalis, F. viverrina, F. temminckii, Leptailurus serval, Lynx lynx, L. rufus, Neofelis nebulosa, Panthera leo, P. onca, P. pardus, P. tigris, Prionailurus bengalensis, Uncia uncia Golley et al, 1965;Morris et al, 1974;Wittmeyer Mills, 1980;Barbiers et al, 1982;Hackenburger and Atkinson, 1983;Hamor, 1983;Wynne, 1989;Allen et al, 1995;Crissey et al, 1997;Edwards et al, 2001;Bechert et al, 2002;…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carnivorous mammals: nutrient digestibility and energy evaluation

2010

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Estimating the energy content is the first step in diet formulation, as it determines the amount of food eaten and hence the concentration of nutrients required to meet the animal's requirements. Additionally, being able to estimate the energy content of a diet empirically known to maintain body condition in an animal will facilitate an estimation of maintenance energy requirements. We collated data on nutrient composition of diets fed to captive wild canids, felids, hyenids, mustelids, pinnipeds, and ursids and the digestibility coefficients from the literature (45 species, 74 publications) to test whether differences in protein and fat digestibility could be detected between species groups, and whether approaches suggested for the estimation of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) content in domestic carnivores (NRC [2006] Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.) can be applied to wild carnivores as well. Regressions of digestible protein or fat content vs. the crude protein (CP) or fat content indicated no relevant differences in the digestive physiology between the carnivore groups. For diets based on raw meat, fish, or whole prey, applying the calculation of ME using "Atwater factors" (16.7 kJ/g CP; 16.7 kJ/g nitrogen-free extracts; 37.7 kJ/g crude fat) provided estimates that compared well to experimental results. This study suggests that ME estimation in such diets is feasible without additional digestion trials. For comparative nutrition research, the study implicates that highly digestible diets typically fed in zoos offer little potential to elucidate differences between species or carnivore groups, but research on diets with higher proportions of difficult-to-digest components (fiber, connective tissues) is lacking.

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Digestive Efficiencies and Maintenance Energy Requirements of Captive Wild Felidae: Cougar (Felis concolor); Leopard (Panthera pardus); Lion (Panthera leo); And Tiger (Panthera tigris)

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Nutritional composition and digestibility by ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) of whole animals and a commercial diet

Nutritional composition and digestibility by ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) of whole animals and a commercial diet

Effect of feeding Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) root as prebiotic on nutrient utilization, fecal characteristics and serum metabolite profile of captive Indian leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) fed a meat‐on‐bone diet

Carnivorous mammals: nutrient digestibility and energy evaluation

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