Digestive enzymes and timing of digestion in Octopus vulgaris type II

Bastos, Penélope; Fracalossi, Débora Machado; Chimal, Marı́a Eugenia; Sánchez, Ariadna; Rosas, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2019.100262

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…), sheepshead minnow ( Cyprinodon variegatus ), sailfin molly ( Poecilia latipinna ) and flathead grey mullet ( Mugil cephalus ) until the end of their life cycle (Walsh et al, 2002). Moreover, some squids, such as the market squid ( Loligo opalescens ), long‐finned squid ( Loligo pealei ), eastern Atlantic squid ( Loligo forbesi ) and common octopus, were fed 2TD to 3TD when reared in captivity (Bastos et al, 2020; Hanlon et al, 1987, 1989; Yang et al, 1986). Findings from the current study are contradictory to previous reports, since feeding 2TD to 3TD with dead yellowstripe scad ( Caranx leptolepis ) meat has been used for 20 days post hatchings of bigfin reef squids (Nabhitabhata, 1996), or feeding 6TD to 10TD with mysid shrimp ( Mysidsopsis almyra ), shrimp larvae ( Penaeus vannamei and Palaeomonetes spp.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal feeding frequency for bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana)

Satjarak

Thongprajukaew

Kaewtapee³

et al. 2021

Aquaculture Research

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Bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) has been successively cultured through multiple generations, but little is known about the factors affecting feeding regimens. In the current study, optimal feeding frequency of five‐week‐old bigfin reef squids was investigated in laboratory conditions. The squids (1.48 ± 0.03 g initial weight) were assigned to four feeding frequencies: two (2TD), three (3TD), four (4TD) or five (5TD) times daily, and they were fed with post‐larval stage of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) over the three weeks of experiment. At the end of the feeding trial, the squids receiving 4TD and 5TD had the highest growth and feed utilization, and the least size variation among the treatment groups. Significant decrease in chymotrypsin‐specific activity was observed in squids receiving 5TD relative to 2TD (p < 0.05), while a moderate level was observed across the remaining treatments. This matched the available and unavailable nutrients present in faeces, assessed from thermal responses. Mantle quality, in terms of RNA concentration, was the highest in squids fed 4TD or 5TD, while protein concentration and RNA/protein ratio did not differ across the four feeding frequencies tested. Also, the most crude lipid was observed in squids fed 5TD, followed by 4TD that were superior to 2TD or 3TD treatments, while crude protein and ash did not differ. These findings indicate that feeding four or five times daily is most appropriate. This practical feeding protocol can be used for mariculture of this species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal feeding frequency for bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana)

Satjarak

Thongprajukaew

Kaewtapee³

et al. 2021

Aquaculture Research

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“…and O. vulgaris sp. (Table 3) the presence of acidic proteinases has been demonstrated in the gastric juice of O. mimus, O. maya (Linares et al, 2015) and O. vulgaris type II (Bastos et al, 2020), and in the digestive gland of O. bimaculoides (Ibarra-García et al, 2018), Robsonella fontaniana (Pereda et al, 2009) and Enteroctopus megalociathus (Farías et al, 2010) indicating that the acidic proteinases may be the main type of digestive enzyme in octopus species. It is interesting to note that in some studies 3).…”

Section: Measuring the Time Course Of Digestionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Most DS organ weight data is available for the DG; for example: six decapodiform cephalopods (Omura and Endo, 2016), O. vulgaris (García-Garrido et al, 2010;Bastos et al, 2020), Octopus maya and Octopus mimus (Linares et al, 2015;Pascual et al, 2019) with more limited data for the stomach and caecum (e.g., Omura and Endo, 2016). Detailed analysis of digestive gland weights has shown changes in the weight of the digestive gland in O. maya with season and location (Pascual et al, 2019).…”

Section: Quantitative Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The change in the amount and composition of digesta in each region of the gut (and potentially the faeces) can be used to assess the overall time taken to digest food and the contribution of each region. This approach has been used in Octopus maya, O. mimus and O. vulgaris type II from Brazil (Martínez et al, 2012;Linares et al, 2015;Gallardo et al, 2017;Bastos et al, 2020).…”

Section: Food Distribution In the Digestive Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For that reason, when evaluating the digestive processes, preliminary observations are required to determine the overall duration of digestion and hence sampling frequency. In O. vulgaris sensu stricto, O. vulgaris type II from Brazil, O. maya, and O. mimus fed fresh crab at 5% of the body weight it took ~400 min to complete the digestion process (Martínez et al, 2012;Linares et al, 2015;Gallardo et al, 2017;Bastos et al, 2020). Depending on the number of animals available, it is possible to take timed samples during the process, but how many animals should be sampled to maintain a balance between 3Rs considerations and data quality?…”

Section: Measuring the Time Course Of Digestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methodological considerations in studying digestive system physiology in octopus: limitations, lacunae and lessons learnt

2022

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Current understanding of cephalopod digestive tract physiology is based on relatively “old” literature and a “mosaic of data” from multiple species. To provide a background to the discussion of methodologies for investigating physiology we first review the anatomy of the cephalopod digestive tract with a focus on Octopus vulgaris, highlighting structure-function relationships and species differences with potential functional consequences (e.g., absence of a crop in cuttlefish and squid; presence of a caecal sac in squid). We caution about extrapolation of data on the digestive system physiology from one cephalopod species to another because of the anatomical differences. The contribution of anatomical and histological techniques (e.g., digestive enzyme histochemistry and neurotransmitter immunohistochemistry) to understanding physiological processes is discussed. For each major digestive tract function we briefly review current knowledge, and then discuss techniques and their limitations for the following parameters: 1) Measuring motility in vitro (e.g., spatiotemporal mapping, tension and pressure), in vivo (labelled food, high resolution ultrasound) and aspects of pharmacology; 2) Measuring food ingestion and the time course of digestion with an emphasis on understanding enzyme function in each gut region with respect to time; 3) Assessing transepithelial transport of nutrients; 4) Measuring the energetic cost of food processing, impact of environmental temperature and metabolic rate (flow-through/intermittent respirometry); 4) Investigating neural (brain, gastric ganglion, enteric) and endocrine control processes with an emphasis on application of molecular techniques to identify receptors and their ligands. A number of major knowledge lacunae are identified where available techniques need to be applied to cephalopods, these include: 1) What is the physiological function of the caecal leaflets and intestinal typhlosoles in octopus? 2) What role does the transepithelial transport in the caecum and intestine play in ion, water and nutrient transport? 3) What information is signalled from the digestive tract to the brain regarding the food ingested and the progress of digestion? It is hoped that by combining discussion of the physiology of the cephalopod digestive system with an overview of techniques and identification of key knowledge gaps that this will encourage a more systematic approach to research in this area.

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