Digestive glands extraction and precise pigment analysis support the exclusion of the carnivorous plant Dionaea muscipula Ellis from the Caryophyllales order

Henarejos-Escudero, Paula; Guadarrama-Flores, Berenice; García-Carmona, Francisco

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.06.013

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Although this result is not surprising and was expected, the final proof of anthocyanins in Nepenthaceae was still pending and furthermore supports the recent results for the Droseraceae [12]. We also searched the LC‐ESI‐HRMS datasets for molecular ion peaks [M + H] + of known betalains, but did not detect any betalain‐corresponding peak (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Thus, for a long time it was not clear which pigments occur in these plants. While for Dionaea muscipula (Droseraceae) a recent investigation by Henerejos-Escudero et al[12] eventually demonstrated the presence of the anthocyanins delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, as well as the aglycone cyanidin, thereby confirming earlier but from a chemical point of view less conclusive results; for Nepenthaceae such study was still missing. As shown in Figure1, for Nepenthes x ventrata peristomes there are only three peaks detected in an HPLC-UV analysis at 520 nm, all three showing the typical UV spectrum of anthocyanins (see inset Fig 1a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Recently, a combination of spectrophotometry, HPLC co‐elution and electrospray ionization with tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) proved the presence of delphinidin‐3‐ O ‐glucoside (myrtillin), cyanidin‐3‐ O ‐glucoside (kuromanin), and the cyanidin aglycone in D . muscipula [12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, it has been common sense for many years that also Nepenthes species contain anthocyanins, not at least due to molecular studies [1,3,6,7,20]. Unfortunately, the final proof based on reliable chemical analytics as in the case of Dionaea [12] is still missing for Nepenthes . Here, we aim to evaluate the presence of anthocyanins in Nepenthes tissues by employing sensitive analytical techniques, that is, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–ESI–high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC–ESI–HRMS).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Proof of anthocyanins in the carnivorous plant genus Nepenthes

et al. 2021

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Yellow to red colored betalains are a chemotaxonomic feature of Caryophyllales, while in most other plant taxa, anthocyanins are responsible for these colors. The carnivorous plant family Nepenthaceae belongs to Caryophyllales; here, red-pigmented tissues seem to attract insect prey. Strikingly, the chemical nature of red color in Nepenthes has never been elucidated. Although belonging to Caryophyllales, in Nepenthes, some molecular evidence supports the presence of anthocyanins rather than betalains. However, there was previously no direct chemical proof of this. Using UHPLC-ESI-HRMS, we identified cyanidin glycosides in Nepenthes species and tissues. Further, we reveal the existence of a complete set of constitutively expressed anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in Nepenthes.Thus, here we finally conclude the long-term open question regarding red pigmentation in Nepenthaceae.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proof of anthocyanins in the carnivorous plant genus Nepenthes

et al. 2021

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The function of secondary metabolites in plant carnivory

Hatcher¹,

Ryves

Millett

2019

Annals of Botany

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Background Carnivorous plants are an ideal model system for evaluating the role of secondary metabolites in plant ecology and evolution. Carnivory is a striking example of convergent evolution to attract, capture and digest prey for nutrients to enhance growth and reproduction and has evolved independently at least ten times. Though the roles of many traits in plant carnivory have been well studied, the role of secondary metabolites in the carnivorous habit is considerably less understood. Scope This review provides the first synthesis of research in which secondary plant metabolites have been demonstrated to have a functional role in plant carnivory. From these studies we identify key metabolites for plant carnivory and their functional role, and highlight biochemical similarities across taxa. From this synthesis we provide new research directions for integrating secondary metabolites into understanding of the ecology and evolution of plant carnivory. Conclusions Carnivorous plants use secondary metabolites to facilitate prey attraction, capture, digestion and assimilation. We found ~170 metabolites for which a functional role in carnivory has been demonstrated. Of these, 26 compounds are present across genera that independently evolved a carnivorous habit, suggesting convergent evolution. Some secondary metabolites have been co-opted from other processes, such as defence or pollinator attraction. Secondary metabolites in carnivorous plants provide a potentially powerful model system for exploring the role of metabolites in plant evolution. They also show promise for elucidating how the generation of novel compounds, as well as the co-option of pre-existing metabolites, provides a strategy for plants to occupy different environments.

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On the Origin of Carnivory: Molecular Physiology and Evolution of Plants on an Animal Diet

Hedrich¹,

Fukushima

2021

Annu. Rev. Plant Biol.

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Charles Darwin recognized that carnivorous plants thrive in nutrient-poor soil by capturing animals. Although the concept of botanical carnivory has been known for nearly 150 years, its molecular mechanisms and evolutionary origins have not been well understood until recently. In the last decade, technical advances have fueled the genome and transcriptome sequencings of active and passive hunters, leading to a better understanding of the traits associated with the carnivorous syndrome, from trap leaf development and prey digestion to nutrient absorption, exemplified by the Venus flytrap ( Dionaea muscipula), pitcher plant ( Cephalotus follicularis), and bladderwort ( Utricularia gibba). The repurposing of defense-related genes is an important trend in the evolution of plant carnivory. In this review, using the Venus flytrap as a representative of the carnivorous plants, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying their ability to attract, trap, and digest prey and discuss the origins of plant carnivory in relation to their genomic evolution. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 72 is May 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Digestive glands extraction and precise pigment analysis support the exclusion of the carnivorous plant Dionaea muscipula Ellis from the Caryophyllales order

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Proof of anthocyanins in the carnivorous plant genus Nepenthes

Proof of anthocyanins in the carnivorous plant genus Nepenthes

The function of secondary metabolites in plant carnivory

On the Origin of Carnivory: Molecular Physiology and Evolution of Plants on an Animal Diet

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