Digestive System Diseases of Nonhuman Primates

Nonhuman Primates

“…Transmissible viral agents that are of particular concern because they can cause gastrointestinal disease include rotaviruses, simian hemorrhagic fever virus, and measles virus (Brady and Carville, 2012). Parasites that can be harmful to nonhuman primates include arthropods, protozoa (such as amoebae and coccidia), and helminths (nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes).…”

“…Other chronic infectious and noninfectious processes may also lead to chronic diarrhea; examples include gastrointestinal neoplasias, malabsorption disorders, giardiasis and other protozoal parasites, and mycobacteriosis (Brady and Carville, 2012). A number of pathogens have been identified as etiologic factors in chronic diarrheal disease including Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., enteropathogenic E. coli, Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp., and Helicobacter spp.…”

Toxicologic Pathology and Background Lesions of Nonhuman Primates

“…There are variations in the degree of mononuclear cell infiltrates between cynomolgus monkeys from different sources. These lesions are not usually associated with clinical signs, and Helicobacter pylori-and Helicobacter heilmanniilike organisms are frequently observed in both sections with mononuclear cell infiltrates and in normal-appearing sections [15,21,23]. Mononuclear cell infiltrates are also present in the uvea of the eyes of cynomolgus macaques in approximately 25% of drug safety evaluation studies and are not associated with ocular histopathologic or ophthalmoscopic findings [17,22].…”

“…Gastric ulceration is uncommon, usually subclinical, and can be associated with Helicobacter infection; however, when the ulceration is severe, the animals may present with anorexia, weight loss, lethargy, and vomiting blood. It is important to note that the cause of diarrhea in cynomolgus macaques is usually unknown [17,23]. Idiopathic chronic colitis, presents with microscopic changes that include a lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, crypt atrophy, microabscesses, mucosal hyperplasia, and microherniation into the gut-associated lymphatic tissue [16].…”

Genetic Polymorphisms and Molecular Pathogenesis of Endometriosis

“…Early in the course of disease, low numbers of Shigella organisms can be found by electron microscopy within mucosal epithelial cell vacuoles. As the disease progresses, fibrinous exudate replaces the dead epithelial cells (Brady AG et al, 1998). Death of epithelial cells and sloughing of mucosa creates the ulceration, pseudomembrane formation, hemorrhage, and inflammatory response that typifies shigellosis.…”