Digestive tract measurements and histological adaptation in broiler lines divergently selected for digestive efficiency

Verdal, Hugues de; Mignon-Grasteau, Sandrine; Jeulin, C.; Bihan-Duval, Élisabeth Le; Leconte, Maryse; Mallet, Serge; Martin, Christopher; Narcy, Agnès

doi:10.3382/ps.2010-813

Cited by 104 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Contrasting correlations in relative organ sizes have been discovered between lines selected for commercial objectives and high digestive efficiency (Carré et al 2005;Péron et al 2006;Rougière and Carré 2010;de Verdal et al 2010). For instance, Mussini (2012) showed that the gizzard is significantly smaller, and the pancreas similar, in modern commercial breeds when compared to old-type breeds fed on the same diet.…”

Section: Feed Intake Digestion and Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding for efficiency in the broiler chicken: A review

Tallentire

Leinonen

Kyriazakis

2016

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

171

120

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Artificial selection of broiler chickens for commercial objectives has been employed at an unprecedented magnitude over the recent decades. Consequently, the number of days, total feed and in turn energy, required to raise a broiler to slaughter weight, have decreased dramatically. Feed provision is the poultry industry's biggest environmental hotspot; hence, understanding the interactions between the birds' genetic change and their energy use efficiency forms the necessary starting point for quantifying and predicting and thereby mitigating the future environmental impact of the poultry sector. This review assesses the consequences of artificial selection on the following traits: digestive efficiency, body composition and utilisation of metabolisable energy for growth and metabolic activity. The main findings were (1) the digestive system has been subjected to much physical change due to selection in the recent decades, but this has not led to any apparent change in digestion efficiency. (2) Both the energy intake per day and the metabolic heat production rate have increased in the recent decades whilst (3) the efficiency of utilising energy for growth has also increased; this is due to an increased growth rate, so that broilers reach slaughter weight more quickly and therefore need to allocate less energy overall to metabolic processes, with the exception of growth. (4) There may have been a reduction in the tendency to waste feed through spillage and carry out energetically expensive behaviors. There is a discrepancy in the literature with regards to the influence of selection on body composition and its contribution to feed efficiency. In this review, two scenarios are demonstrated, whereby body composition either has or has not altered via artificial selection. Understanding the effects of artificial selection on the traits that relate to the feed efficiency of the broilers will contribute towards the reduction of the environmental impacts that arise from such systems.

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Section: Feed Intake Digestion and Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding for efficiency in the broiler chicken: A review

Tallentire

Leinonen

Kyriazakis

2016

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

171

120

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“…et al, 2001). Differential development of the absorptive epithelium may be responsible for changes in absorption capacity of birds (Verdal et al, 2010). Available strains of broilers (eg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gross and histological studies of digestive tract of broilers during postnatal growth and development

Nasrin

Siddiqi

Masum

et al. 2012

J Bangladesh Agric Univ

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We studied anatomy and histology of different segments of the digestive tract in postnatal growing broiler chickens with regard to their location, shape, size and weight. A group of four chickens, each at day 1 (D 1) , days 14 (D 14) and days 28 (D 28) , total 12, were killed, their digestive tracts were dissected and described and shape, size and weight of different segments were recorded. Samples from different segments were prepared and stained with haematoxylin and eosin staining technique to study the histology under light microscope. The average lengths (cm) and weights (gm) of esophagus, proventriculus (glandular stomach), gizzard (muscular stomach), small intestine and large intestine were significantly higher (P<0.01) in chickens at D 28 than that at D 14 and at D 1. The histological layers of digestive tract were lamina epithelia, lamina propria, lamina muscularis, submucosa, tunica muscularis and serosa with the exception in esophagus where outer adventitia was found. The esophageal glands were significantly more in numbers at D 1 (in cross section, 12 in number per focus under 100x) than at D 14 (6 in number per focus under 100x) and at D 28 (2 in number per focus under 100x). The proventriculus consisted of macroscopic papillae with numerous microscopic folds with lamina propria comprised of simple glands, which converged into a common cavity near the surface. In gizzard, the cuticle, in the form of wavy lines ran parallel to the surface. The villi of small intestine and large intestine were lined by simple columnar epithelium. The apical parts of villi of the duodenum were slightly pointed and the basal parts of the villi were thicker than jejunum and ileum, whereas, the villi of the jejunum and ileum became shorter and broader than duodenum and most of the villi had blunt apical part and the basal parts were wider. The numbers of goblet cells were numerous in number in ileum than duodenum and jejunum. Plicae ran along the inner surface of the distal two thirds of the cacea. However, in the colorectum, the villi appeared as numerous long flat leaf-shaped structures which filled a large proportion of the lumen. The average lengths and widths of villi of small and large intestine were significantly higher (P<0.01) in chickens at D 28 than that at D 14 and at D 1. The number of goblet cells in lamina epithelium and intestinal glands of the lamina propria were numerous in number at D 28 than the chickens at D 14 and at D 1.

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“…According to Rougiere et al, (2009) andVerdal et al (2010), birds with larger gastric compartments (proventriculus and gizzard) tend to present more effective nutrient utilization compared with birds that show greater development of the small intestine. Thus, the higher energy use of slow-growing birds can be attributed to the peculiarities of the digestive organs of Isa Label broilers because they present with higher proventriculus and gizzard relative weight compared with Cobb broilers, as observed by Santos et al (2005).…”

Section: Values Of Metabolizable Energy and Metabolization Of Nutrienmentioning

confidence: 99%

Values of Metabolizable Energy and Metabolization of Nutrients for Slow- and Fast-growing Birds at Different Ages

Santos

Stringhini

Oliveira

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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Two trials were performed to determine apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and AME corrected for zero nitrogen balance (AMEn) values and coefficients of apparent metabolizability of nitrogen (CAMN) and of ether extract (CAMEE) of slow-and fast-growing broilers (Isa label and Cobb, respectively) fed four different diets between 10 to 17 days or 28 to 35 days of age. The method of total excreta collection was applied. The tested feedstuffs were corn, whole corn germ (WCG), sorghum, and soybean meal (SBM). A randomized block experimental design was applied, with two treatments (breeds) and four replicates of ten animals each in the first trial, and four replicates of six animals each in the second trial. No differences in CAMN values were observed between the breeds; however, Isa Label birds presented higher CAMEE for all tested feedstuffs. The AME and AMEn values obtained in Isa Label chickens fed the corn diet were 5.75 and 3.44% higher relative tothe Cobb birds, respectively. Breed did not influence AME and AMEn values of the other tested feedstuffs. Independently of breed, age influenced the AME and AMEn values of WCG, sorghum and SBM, suggesting that birds become utilize feed more efficiently as they age.

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Digestive tract measurements and histological adaptation in broiler lines divergently selected for digestive efficiency

Cited by 104 publications

References 25 publications

Breeding for efficiency in the broiler chicken: A review

Breeding for efficiency in the broiler chicken: A review

Gross and histological studies of digestive tract of broilers during postnatal growth and development

Values of Metabolizable Energy and Metabolization of Nutrients for Slow- and Fast-growing Birds at Different Ages

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