Digestive tract regeneration in the posteriorly eviscerating sea cucumber Holothuria parva (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata)

Mesentery AjFGF4–AjFGFR2–ERK pathway modulates intestinal regeneration via targeting cell cycle in echinoderms

“…In this study, we found that the regeneration of intestine always involved an initial thickening of the free edge of the mesentery, which enabled the lumen of the new intestine forms. Such close relationship between regenerating intestine and the remnants of the mesentery of A. japonicus was parallel with the situation previously described in visceral regeneration of various sea cucumbers 17,35,36 . These studies provided strong evidence that the mesentery of sea cucumber played an important role in intestinal regeneration.…”

“…The experiments described in this study established the fact that the excised A. japonicus intestine after spontaneous evisceration was replaced by a regenerative process that likely followed a pattern of morphological changes and cell fate changes consistent with other sea cucumber species. 17 , 18 As pointed out by Okada and Kondo, 33 despite the differences in type of spontaneous evisceration from the anterior or posterior ends of the body for different species of sea cucumbers, the mesentery which connected the internal lining of the body cavity and the digestive tract were evidently of great significance in the regeneration of new intestine. However, in the process of intestine regeneration in A. japonicus , previous studies had paid more attention to the formation of the intestinal cavity and the comparisons between regenerating and normal intestine, but less on the role of the mesentery in the whole stage of intestinal regeneration.…”

“…However, such a spontaneous intestine remodeling process is an additional energy expenditure that diverts nutrients from growth and development, negatively affects body weight and reproduction, and sometimes even affects the function of the defense system, which is a bottleneck for the development of its commercial and subsistence fisheries 16 . To date, most studies on intestinal regeneration of A. japonicus have focused on the morphological formation of the new intestine post‐self‐evisceration, while little is known about the cellular characteristics and molecular signaling mechanisms in the process of intestinal regeneration 17,18 . In the present study, we firstly investigated the process of intestine regeneration following autonomy by describing the spatial and temporal pattern of morphology and cellular events in A. japonicus .…”

“… 16 To date, most studies on intestinal regeneration of A. japonicus have focused on the morphological formation of the new intestine post‐self‐evisceration, while little is known about the cellular characteristics and molecular signaling mechanisms in the process of intestinal regeneration. 17 , 18 In the present study, we firstly investigated the process of intestine regeneration following autonomy by describing the spatial and temporal pattern of morphology and cellular events in A. japonicus . Impressively, we observed that the thickening of the free end of the mesentery was crucial to the formation of the intestine and such a process was always accompanied by a massive cell proliferation, which might supply additional cells necessary for the formation of new tissue.…”

Effects of different stocking densities on the CO2 fluxes at water-air interface and the respiration metabolism in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)

“…In addition, comparisons between respiratory trees and body walls reveal the tissue-specific expression patterns in response to different stocking densities. The main function of the respiratory tree is the gas exchange (Eisapour et al, 2022), and the body wall may also take part of the respiratory function due to its dual respiratory characteristics (Wang and Tian, 2012). Although there were different gene expression patterns, enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs between respiratory trees and body walls were also closely associated with peroxisome pathway.…”