Digit (2D:4D) ratio is associated with muscle mass (MM) and strength (MS) in older adults: Possible effect of in utero androgen exposure

Sarcopenia prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in older people living in a nursing home in Ankara Turkey

“…Participants without sarcopenia (OR 35, 95% CI 1-219) had longer length of stay compared to participants with sarcopenia (16, 1-181) and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.028). Compared with participants without sarcopenia (25,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30), sarcopenic participants (23, 95% CI 11-28) had lower MMSE scores (P = 0.006). ADL scores of sarcopenic participants (75, 10-100) were significantly lower than ADL scores of participants without sarcopenia (80, 50-100; P = 0.045).…”

“…However, it has reliability issues, as measurements depend on hydration status, ethnicity, physical fitness and age. 24,29 In particular, hydration status must be carefully assessed with nursing home residents. CC cut-off values can be different in different populations.…”

Second‐to‐fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is unrelated to measures of somatic reproductive effort among young men from Cebu, the Philippines

“…Studies evaluating the relationship between 2D:4D and adult somatic development (specifically musculature and adiposity) are less common and have thus far not been the subject of meta‐analytical review. In older adults 2D:4D has been shown to be negatively correlated with calf circumference and skeletal muscle mass index in both men and women (Halil et al, ). Men and women with higher 2D:4D ratios also have more feminine body fat distribution, although there does not appear to be a relationship between total fatness and digit ratios (Ertuğrul, ).…”

“…In terms of male traits related to reproductive effort, lower 2D:4D has been proposed to be a correlate of male competitiveness, fertility and attractiveness, in part through the long‐term effects of prenatal androgen exposure on sexually selected male traits that underlie athletic performance, such as strength and endurance (Manning and Taylor, ). With some exceptions (Folland, Mc Cauley, Phypers, Hanson, & Mastana, ; Gallup, White, & Gallup, ; Muller et al, ; Ranson, Stratton, & Taylor, ; Voracek, Pum, & Dressler, ) studies have found that men with lower 2D:4D ratios are stronger, more muscular, and larger (Fink, Thanzami, Seydel, & Manning, ; Halil et al, ; Hone and McCullough, ; Klimek et al, ; Zhao, Li, Yu, & Zheng, ). They also exhibit superior performance in competitive endurance sports and tests of overall physical fitness (Bennett, Manning, Cook, & Kilduff, ; Hönekopp, Manning, & Müller, ; Manning and Taylor, ; Ranson et al, ; Tamiya, Lee, & Ohtake, ), and have higher maximal lung oxygen uptake (Hill, Simpson, Manning, & Kilduff, ).…”

The correlation between right hand finger ratio (2D:4D) and the parameters of anthropometric and physical fitness in children

“…Fink et al, (2006) and Zhao et al, (2012) suggested that there was a negative correlation between 2D:4D and GS, whereas Zhao et al, (2012) and Hone and McCullough (2013) confirmed that there was not a correlation in the females for the same variable. Furthermore, there are many studies proving that there is no correlation between 2D:4D and static strength (van Anders, 2007;Gallup et al, 2007, Halil andGürel, 2012).…”