Digit Preference and Avoidance in the Age Statistics of Some Recent African Censuses: Some Patterns and Correlates

Nagi, Mostafa H.; Stockwell, Edward G.; Snavley, L. M.

doi:10.2307/1402833

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Mokyr (1983) was the first to apply age heaping as a proxy variable for the educational level of a population in order to investigate whether there was a brain drain from prefamine Ireland. Studies find a strong negative correlation between age heaping and literacy or schooling, such as Crayen and Baten (2009) for the 19 th and 20 th centuries, A 'Hearn, Baten and Crayen (2009) for the 19 th century U.S. states and the countries of Europe during the early modern period, Manzel and Baten (2008) for Argentina during the 19 th century, and Nagi, Stockwell and Snavley (1973) for African countries of the mid-20 th century. To measure the degree of age heaping, various indices can be used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Equality and Inequality in Numeracy: The Case of Latin America and the Caribbean, 1880–1949

Manzel

Baten

2009

RHE / JILAEH

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This article outlines the development of gender disparities in education for 28 Latin American and Caribbean countries for the period from 1880 to 1949, using age heaping techniques. We explore in particular the hypothesis of a Ushaped development of women's education during economic development, i.e., a decrease in gender equality at lower levels of overall education, and increasing gender equality at higher levels. For the downward sloping part, we find some evidence, although this part is relatively small. The upward sloping part is strongly confirmed. We also find that non-Hispanic Caribbean countries had substantially lower gender inequality rates than Latin American countries. A second major contribution is to document the development of average numerical abilities (of both genders) in these 28 countries.Keywords: human capital, age heaping, education, gender inequality, numeracy, Latin America JEL Classification: I21, N36, 015 RESUMENEn este artículo se estudian las disparidades de género en numeracy para veintiocho países de América Latina y el Caribe en el período de 1880 a 1949. Con este propósito, el trabajo explora el alcance del denominado «age heaping», el cual suministra una valiosa información sobre la tendencia de las personas a redondear su edad lo cual, indirectamente, proporciona información sobre los cambios en el nivel educativo de un país en el largo plazo. En particular investigamos la hipótesis de un desarrollo en forma «U», es decir, el incremento de las disparidades de género para niveles de educación bajos y la reducción de estas disparidades para niveles de desarrollo más altos. En este sentido, la parte superior de la curva está plenamente confirmada, sin embargo, en la parte inferior con una trayectoria relativamente pequeña, encontramos sólo débiles evidencias.A partir de esta nueva línea de investigación, los resultados del estudio evidencian que por un lado, los países del Caribe no hispánicos tuvieron tasas de desigualdad educativa sustancialmente más bajas que los países latinoamericanos y, por el otro, que la totalidad de los veintiocho países de la muestra ofrecen un incremento en la media de las «habilidades numéri-cas» para ambos sexos en el período.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Equality and Inequality in Numeracy: The Case of Latin America and the Caribbean, 1880–1949

Manzel

Baten

2009

RHE / JILAEH

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“…Practically, however, the variety of ultimate contextual factors is likely to affect such patterns. In their pioneering studies, Nagi, Stockwell and Snavley (1973), and Stockwell and Wicks (1974), found that the magnitude of error in age reporting in a population is closely related to the latter's level of modernization as measured by a host of socio-economic indicators (e.g. the proportion of persons economically active, the percentage literate and the proportion of people working in the non-agricultural sector).…”

Section: Age Heaping In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age heaping patterns in Mosaic data

Szołtysek

Poniat

Gruber

2017

Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdiscipli

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This paper analyzes the extent and nature of age-misreporting in the Mosaic data, currently one of the largest historical census microdata infrastructures for continental Europe. We use demographic measures known as the age heaping indexes to explore regional, periodic and sex-specific patterns of age misreporting across 115 Mosaic regional datafiles, from Catalonia to Moscow, during Europe's demographic ancien r egime and thereafter. The paper's second significant contribution is the comparison of Mosaic-based results to those derived from two other big census data projects-IPUMS and NAPP. Beyond this exploratory data analysis, we also investigate possible sources of variation in age heaping across Mosaic data by examining how it relates to variability in socioeconomic, institutional, and environmental conditions. Overall, our systematic inquiry into quality of age reporting in Mosaic consolidates the project's potentially transformative role in comparative historical family demography and suggests some avenues for future research.

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“…2,5 Despite the common use of self-report measures, bias may arise in using these measures. Digit bias or, heaping, which is a clustering of reported estimates around rounded values 6–8 is common and has been well documented in the literature. 1,9–15 …”

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confidence: 97%

The Importance of Filter Collection for Accurate Measurement of Cigarette Smoking

Saddleson¹,

Wileyto²,

Darwar³

et al. 2017

tobacco reg sci

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Objectives We examined the impact of cigarette filter collection on reports of cigarettes per day (CPD) versus self-reported CPD and to assess the utility of a pre-intervention baseline period in smoking studies. Methods Using baseline data from 522 non-treatment seeking smokers, we assessed differences in self-reported CPD via phone screen (CPD PS) and during baseline (CPD BL). We analyzed self-reported cigarette measures to predict carbon monoxide (CO), a measure of smoke exposure. Results On average, CPD PS was 2.8 CPD more than CPD BL, and reporting multiples of 10 were more often found in CPD PS compared with CPD BL (54.7% vs17.2%, respectively). CPD BL was more strongly associated with CO than self-report CPD. Number of cigarettes smoked today, time since last cigarette, and nicotine dependence were significantly associated with CO. Conclusions CPD BL using filter collection is a more accurate measure of cigarette consumption than self-report, which may have implications for assessment of nicotine dependence. When feasible, studies should include a pre-intervention baseline period for comparison data with study outcomes. In addition to CPD BL, studies should assess time since last cigarette and the number of cigarettes smoked today when using CO as a biological measure of smoke exposure.

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Digit Preference and Avoidance in the Age Statistics of Some Recent African Censuses: Some Patterns and Correlates

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Gender Equality and Inequality in Numeracy: The Case of Latin America and the Caribbean, 1880–1949

Gender Equality and Inequality in Numeracy: The Case of Latin America and the Caribbean, 1880–1949

Age heaping patterns in Mosaic data

The Importance of Filter Collection for Accurate Measurement of Cigarette Smoking

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