Digital and Gradient Refractive Index Planar Optics by Nanoimprinting Mesoporous Silicon

Hardison, Anna L.; Talukdar, Tahmid H.; Kravchenko, Ivan I.; Ryckman, Judson D.

doi:10.1002/adom.202201597

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Hardison et al developed a nanoimprinting refractive index technique for creating digital and analog refractive index profiles with subwavelength resolution (Figure 6j-o). [90] They used predesigned templates with analog or digital features to imprint continuous and discontinuous refractive index patterns with high contrast. This approach demonstrated the capability of NIL to construct patterns with arbitrary refractive index distributions, enabling the design of advanced devices.…”

Section: Customized Pattern Designingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructures Formation through Liquid‐Assisted Assembly of Functional Materials for High‐Performance Electronics

Xu,

Wang,

Song

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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The assembly of functional materials into microstructures, which extends unique features such as enlarged specific surface areas, effective conduction paths, higher material utilization ratios, and ordered alignment compared to continuous films, has gained prominence in various fields. Achieving high performance in electronics requires cooperation among building blocks, fabrication methods, and device design. However, the remaining challenge is obtaining highly regular and large‐scale patterns with controllable assembly methods while maximizing device performances. Manipulating functional materials with liquid assistance is a feasible approach to realizing controllable dewetting, regular molecule packing, and customized performances. This review focuses on the recent advances in preparing and applying liquid‐induced microstructures. The predominant preparation technologies are summarized, including flow‐enabled assembly, nanoimprint lithography, and capillary‐bridge‐mediated assembly. Furthermore, diverse applications of various microstructure‐based electronics, such as flexible and transparent electrodes, organic field‐effect transistors, gas sensors, photodetectors, and solar cells, are demonstrated.

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Section: Customized Pattern Designingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…o) A cross-sectional SEM image of an imprinted waveguide following a secondary electrochemical etch to add low index waveguide cladding. Reproduced with permission [90]. Copyright 2022, John Wiley and Sons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructures Formation through Liquid‐Assisted Assembly of Functional Materials for High‐Performance Electronics

Xu,

Wang,

Song

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Quantitative Dynamic Structural Color: Dual‐Band Hyperchromatic Sensing with Mesoporous Metamaterials

Kumar,

Dos Santos,

Talukdar

et al. 2024

Advanced Optical Materials

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Dynamic and responsive structural color devices present promising opportunities for sensing and display technologies, with applications including point‐of‐care diagnostics, portable/wearable sensors, and low‐power full‐color displays. However, it is often difficult to generate a large and quantitatively meaningful colorimetric response especially toward weak stimuli. Here, dual‐band hyperchromatic structural color (HSC) is presented as an approach to overcome these challenges. Within this framework, a dual‐band mesoporous silicon rugate filter metamaterial co‐designed is experimentally realized for use with a dichromatic (red/green) illuminant. This is shown to enable an amplified red‐to‐green color transition with a substantially smaller wavelength shift than conventional structural color devices, Δλ ≪ |λG – λR|, as well as a direct quantitative mapping between the observed chromaticity and the input stimulus. This approach is experimentally demonstrated for the spatiotemporally resolved sensing of refractometric stimuli including small‐molecules and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with a ≈0.08 nm equivalent spectral resolution. This approach is entirely scanning‐free, enabled by simple color imaging, and does not require advanced spectroscopic (hyperspectral) imaging or interferometric imaging to obtain meaningful quantitative and spatiotemporally resolved information pertaining to the sensor's attributes. These results demonstrate dual‐band HSC as a promising approach for realizing low‐cost and high performance dynamic structural color devices and sensors.

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Achieving Low Propagation Loss and Small‐Index‐Contrast Carbonized Porous Silicon Waveguides Using Direct Laser Writing

Fletcher,

Dell,

Parish

et al. 2024

Advanced Photonics Research

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Porous silicon (PS) is often overlooked as a platform for creating large‐mode area waveguides suitable for optical sensing applications due to challenges around creating laterally confined (in‐plane) open‐pore waveguide structures in the PS film. Direct laser writing (DLW) in hydrocarbon atmospheres can selectively increase the refractive index of the PS film; however, this results in large amounts of absorbing pyrolytic carbon in the pores. The efficacy of postprocessing techniques to remove unwanted absorbing carbon species created by this method is investigated through energy‐dispersive X‐ray and Raman analysis. The results show that oxygen plasma ashing effectively removes carbon from the pores and considerably reduces propagation losses, resulting in the lowest reported laterally confined refractive index contrast in PS waveguides. The low‐index‐contrast PS waveguides are shown to require adequate insulation from the high‐index silicon substrate to further reduce propagation losses. The carbonized PS waveguide mode is modeled and resulting simulations show low alignment tolerance with a SMF‐28 fiber mode. Herein, a method is demonstrated for creating carbonized (passivated), open‐pore, and low‐loss buried waveguide structures in PS films with a low alignment tolerance to SMF‐28 fiber using a DLW approach in ethylene and propane atmospheres.

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Digital and Gradient Refractive Index Planar Optics by Nanoimprinting Mesoporous Silicon

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Microstructures Formation through Liquid‐Assisted Assembly of Functional Materials for High‐Performance Electronics

Microstructures Formation through Liquid‐Assisted Assembly of Functional Materials for High‐Performance Electronics

Quantitative Dynamic Structural Color: Dual‐Band Hyperchromatic Sensing with Mesoporous Metamaterials

Achieving Low Propagation Loss and Small‐Index‐Contrast Carbonized Porous Silicon Waveguides Using Direct Laser Writing

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