Digital biomagnetism: Electrodeposited multilayer magnetic barcodes

Magnetic and magnetoresistance studies of the evolution of the magnetic layer structure with Co layer thickness in electrodeposited Co–Cu/Cu multilayers

“…Such multilayers in combination with magnetic/non-magnetic component exhibit giant magnetoresistance (GMR) phenomenon which is of interest to both scientific and technological community [3]. It finds potential applications to magnetoresistive heads, magnetic RAM's, magnetic storage devices and various low-end applications [4][5][6]. Because of its simplicity, cost-effectiveness and very high deposition rate, electrodeposition has long been considered as a feasible alternative to the expensive vacuum methods for multilayer preparation.…”

Magnetoresistance and Surface Roughness Study of Electrodeposited Ni50Co50/Cu Multilayers

“…The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect in nanoscale ferromagnetic/non-magnetic (FM/NM) metallic multilayers has widespread applications today. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Whereas the GMR effect was originally discovered in Fe/Cr multilayers, 14,15 practical application could only be realized by using TM/Cu type multilayers where TM stands for a binary alloy among the elements of the iron-group metals (Fe, Co and Ni) or sometimes Co alone. The reason for this is that only some specific TM/Cu multilayers fulfill simultaneously the requirement for a sufficiently large GMR effect and low saturation field (H s ) around room temperature.…”

Magnetic particles for multidimensional in vitro bioanalysis

“…32 The spatial distribution of magnetic flux can be engineered to expand the coding capacity, by artfully fabricating barcode-like ferromagnetic particles comprising multiple magnetic segments/compartments with each emitting magnetic flux along a particular direction to represent digital "1" or "0." 33 The magnetization direction of the ferromagnetic elements can be individually set by an external magnetic field because of their different coercivities. However, the information could be erased by magnetic field that prohibits the key advantage of magnetic particles, for example, isolating biological samples.…”

“…Magnetic particles with differentiable magnetic moments can bring in a so-called concept of magnetically-defined 'barcodes' (with total coding capacity of 6-7) [30] . The spatial distribution of magnetic flux can be engineered to expand the coding capacity, by artfully fabricating barcode-like ferromagnetic particles comprising multiple magnetic segments/compartments with each emitting magnetic flux along a particular direction to represent digital "1" or "0" [31] . The magnetization direction of the ferromagnetic elements can be individually set by an external magnetic field because of their different coercivities.…”