Digital Control of Multiphase Series Capacitor Buck Converter Prototype for the Powering of HL-LHC Inner Triplet Magnets

Abstract

A major upgrade will be conducted in the Large Hardon Collider (LHC) at CERN. This high luminosity (HL) version of the LHC will increase the nominal luminosity by a factor of five. One of the key technologies of the HL-LHC are the new superconducting Inner Triplet (IT) magnets, responsible of producing high magnetic fields to focus particle beams. To power the IT magnets from the grid, a multi-stage power supply with an intermediate 24 V battery pack is being considered. In such topology, a lowvoltage high-current DC/DC converter operating with a very high step down-ratio is required for the final conversion stage. In this work, an interleaved multiphase Series Capacitor Buck converter is proposed to feed the IT magnets from the battery pack. A novel voltage regulation approach that ensures the current balance between the paralleled Series Capacitor cells is also proposed, where one cell is responsible for the output voltage regulation, while the remaining cells are current regulated. A balanced current sharing between the Series Capacitor cells is achieved, when the current controlled cells are referenced by the actual current of the 1st one. The proposal is theoretically analysed and experimentally validated in a six cell 1000 A prototype unit. Index Terms-Control of multiphase DC/DC converters, Series Capacitor Buck converter, Large Hadron Collider I. INTRODUCTION T HE Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Geneva, Switzerland) is the largest particle accelerator and one of the biggest research facilities in the world [1]. This 27 km long circular machine accelerates hadron (proton) beams to 99.99 % of the speed of light, generating new particles as a result of proton-proton collisions at high energies. To extend its Manuscript received Month xx, 2xxx; revised Month xx, xxxx; accepted Month x, xxxx.

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