Digital Control Techniques Based on Voltage Source Inverters in Renewable Energy Applications: A Review

Tahir, Sohaib; Wang, Jie; Baloch, Mazhar Hussain; Kaloi, Ghulam Sarwar

doi:10.3390/electronics7020018

Cited by 72 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…Therefore, DC microgrids avoid cumbersome DC-AC-DC generation [1][2][3][4]. However, the usage of DC microgrids at distribution scale is increasing with the collaboration of various renewable resources due to the higher penetration of electric vehicles [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Control Methodology for Load Sharing System Restoration in Islanded DC Micro Grid with Faulty Communication Links

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Communication-based distributed secondary control is extensively used in DC microgrids. Compared to centralized control, it can provide better voltage regulation and load sharing in microgrids. A conventional secondary control technique that converges the system to a common operating point is improved by using the control methodology to detect the communication link failure and stabilize the system operation during communication islanding. Recently, more robust control schemes have been proposed to improve resilience, but communication islanding has not been addressed at the secondary level control for which the system requires additional tertiary control. However, link failure is a possibility in the microgrid, so this paper proposes a control scheme at the secondary level to detect communication islanding. Communication islanding may lead the system to unpredictable behavior, which may cause the system to become unstable and may further lead to a cascading failure. The proposed control scheme sustains the stability and operation of a DC microgrid. Voltage and current observer works in a parallel manner with the proposed secondary control to achieve a correction term for global operating points. The proposed control scheme has been verified through analysis and simulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Control Methodology for Load Sharing System Restoration in Islanded DC Micro Grid with Faulty Communication Links

et al. 2018

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“…The control algorithm's digitalization is described in [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] where the authors put much enthusiasm in research into FPGA's and DSP's implementation. The authors in [21][22][23] describe the measurement methods based on VCO and authors in [24][25][26][27][28] focus on control. Almost all published algorithms are based mainly on instantaneous current measurements and prediction strategy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Control of an Interleaving Operated Buck-Boost Synchronous Converter Used in a Low-Cost Testing System for an Automotive Powertrain

2018

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Based on the standardization in the automotive industry, systems require extensive testing, which represents significant costs regarding personnel and equipment. The testing systems must be built in such a way that a bidirectional power flow is possible between the power source and the tested system. Additionally, applied testing systems have to possess high disturbance immunity. Classical current programmed control performed using an analogue approach suffers from low disturbance rejection during switching operation. The digital control of DC-DC converter can solve this problem with the use of digital integration in a measurement chain. The integrals of values are obtained by using a Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO) and appropriate counters. Digital control of an interleaving operated bidirectional buck-boost synchronous converter can be applied in the testing system for automotive powertrains. The voltage and current measurements with the application of an integral-measurement principle act as low-pass filters, which remove the disturbances from the measured values. The digital implementation of a compensation ramp (current mode control) and method for choice of control parameters are described. All the tasks for measurements, as well as current and voltage control, were implemented within the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). The presented converter can operate as a close to ideal voltage or current source, and satisfies the requirements of testing electric motor drive-trains with bidirectional DC-AC converters that are applied in automotive applications. The proposed system was verified by simulation and experiments.

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“…Photo-Voltaic (PV) systems are very attractive choices for production of electric power due to their noiseless and nonpolluting nature. Building Integrated Photo-Voltaic (BIPV) is a new version of the PV system, in which the building is used for installation of PV modules to reduce cost and improve the appearance [2]. In addition to the environmental influences of BIPV, they also reduce to maximize the annual power production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Building-Integrated Photovoltaic System with a Novel Bi-Reflector PV System (BRPVS) and Optimal Control Mechanism: An Experimental Study

et al. 2018

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Environment protection and energy saving are the most attractive trends in zero-carbon buildings. The most promising and environmentally friendly technique is building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), which can also replace conventional buildings based on non-renewable energy. Despite the recent advances in technology, the cost of BIPV systems is still very high. Hence, reducing the cost is a major challenge. This paper examines and validates the effectiveness of low-cost aluminum (Al) foil as a reflector. The design and the performance of planer-reflector for BIPV systems are analyzed in detail. A Bi-reflector solar PV system (BRPVS) with thin film Al-foil reflector and an LLC converter for a BIPV system is proposed and experimented with a 400-W prototype. A cadmium-sulfide (CdS) photo-resistor sensor and an Arduino-based algorithm was developed to control the working of the reflectors. Furthermore, the effect of Al-foil reflectors on the temperature of PV module has been examined. The developed LLC converter confirmed stable output voltage despite large variation in input voltage proving its effectiveness for the proposed BRPVS. The experimental results of the proposed BRPVS with an Al-reflector of the same size as that of the solar PV module offered an enhancement of 28.47% in the output power.Electronics 2018, 7, 119 2 of 22 the long-term cost of the building sector. Compared to a standalone PV system, BIPV does not require any extra land for installation and the cost can be balanced by installing this on the rooftop of the building structure [3]. However, the lower efficiency and higher initial cost make BIPV less practical and difficult to commercialize. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years because of their simple assembly, lightweight, flexibility, economical price of materials, satisfactory photocurrent transformation efficiency, precise energy return time, and tunable optical properties [4]. On the other hand, DSSCs have power conversion efficiency of more than 14% with a limited active area; the output power decreases with increasing cell effective area of the photoanode [5]. An alternate solution exists to increase the net output power from the PV module to reduce the cost of the system because the initial cost of the PV system is the main hurdle to the widespread use of this technology. The output power can be increased by increasing the incident light on the PV system [6]. The position of the Sun is not fixed to one place because it changes its position from dawn to dusk and also during the entire year, which means that a fixed PV system is inefficient. Therefore, the tracking of single-and dual-axis PV systems are suggested for this purpose [7,8]. On the other hand, such a system has two disadvantages, increase in initial cost and decreased lifetime of the mechanical parts of the PV system. Moreover, such a system also requires extra power supply and motors to move the solar system, which makes the system more complex and increases the size of the ...

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Digital Control Techniques Based on Voltage Source Inverters in Renewable Energy Applications: A Review

Cited by 72 publications

References 139 publications

A Control Methodology for Load Sharing System Restoration in Islanded DC Micro Grid with Faulty Communication Links

A Control Methodology for Load Sharing System Restoration in Islanded DC Micro Grid with Faulty Communication Links

Digital Control of an Interleaving Operated Buck-Boost Synchronous Converter Used in a Low-Cost Testing System for an Automotive Powertrain

Design of a Building-Integrated Photovoltaic System with a Novel Bi-Reflector PV System (BRPVS) and Optimal Control Mechanism: An Experimental Study

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