Digital controller based on delta operator for high‐frequency DC–DC switching converters

Abstract

Both the stability and the control accuracy of digital controllers for DC-DC switching converters utilising shift operators severely degrade under high switching frequencies. This study presents a digital-proportion integration differentiation (D-PID) controller based on a delta operator for DC-DC converters with high switching frequencies. Both the stability and the control accuracy of the digitally controlled converters were effectively improved when using the delta operator instead of the shift operator. The hardware cost and the processing speed requirements were also considerably reduced. The performance advantages of such a D-PID controller were theoretically analysed, and then simulated using the Simulink platform. Finally, both the proposed D-PID controller and a conventional shift operator-based controller were implemented for DC-DC switching converters on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. The benefits of using the delta operator over the shift operator were experimentally verified, and the test results indicated that for the DC-DC switching converter with 2 MHz switching frequency, better control accuracy can be obtained by using the delta operator than using the shift operator.

Structure‐induced low‐sensitivity design of sampled data and digital ladder filters using delta discrete‐time operator

“…The range of F I G U R E 1 (A) Magnitude response of z-domain filter with ideal and rounded coefficients. (B) Magnitude response of delta-operator filter with ideal and rounded coefficients applications include state estimation, 22,23 system identification, 24 fault detection, 25,26 optimal control, 27 switching power converters, 28 game theory, 27 particle swarm optimization, 29 digital filtering, 30,31 two-dimensional filters, 32,33 FPGA circuit, 34 embedded real-time processor, 35 and adaptive signal processing. 36 These references highlight the wide variety of applications using the delta discrete-time operator.…”

“…Since the seminal work by Middleton and Goodwin, delta‐operator‐based systems have been studied widely in the areas of signal processing and digital controls due to their good finite word‐length performance when high sampling rates are used. The range of applications include state estimation, 22,23 system identification, 24 fault detection, 25,26 optimal control, 27 switching power converters, 28 game theory, 27 particle swarm optimization, 29 digital filtering, 30,31 two‐dimensional filters, 32,33 FPGA circuit, 34 embedded real‐time processor, 35 and adaptive signal processing 36 . These references highlight the wide variety of applications using the delta discrete‐time operator.…”

Virtual inertia based hierarchical control scheme for distributed generations considering communication delay

“…From the point of view of synchronizing machine simulation, the time delay in the virtual inertia control is expected to be as small as possible. And too much large control delay may even make the system becomes unstable in severe cases (Nan et al, 2018). To handle this problem, the Rekasius substitution is used in (Suud et al, 2022) to compute the stability delay margin of an islanded micro-grid with virtual inertia and constant communication delay.…”

Adaptive maintain power signature scheme for power over ethernet system

“…From Fig. 3, the type 1 devices perform two detection levels and a Owing to the energy-saving topic, many researches put much emphasis on the power conversion efficiency [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and standby power losses of converter [14,15]. However, some PDs have low power modes or standby modes and for this reason it may be removed by the PSE.…”