Digital Divide of Resource-Based (Oil and Gas) and Service-Dominated Regions

Abstract

The following paper explores the development of a statistically based index evaluating digitalization processes to assess the digital divide between the regions of Kazakhstan: resource-based (oil and gas) regions and regions where the service sector dominates the GRP. As a method for forming such an indicator, the authors suggest using factor analysis, which reduces the dimension of factors while maintaining the reasoning behind a significant part of the data variability. This approach is preferable because the index is formed on the basis of statistically objective estimates rather than that of subjective expert opinion. The results of the factor analysis were interpreted as the following two qualitatively different subindices that formed the final Economy and Society Digitalization Index, namely, for resource-based (oil and gas) regions: subindex of digital consumption by households and subindex of digital consumption by organizations; for service-dominated regions: subindex of digital consumption by households and organizations, and subindex of digitalization of labor management processes. The combined values of the calculated subindices allowed us to conclude that the introduction of information and communication technologies into the consumer environment is greater than into the activities of economic entities. Open innovations are revealed to create additional opportunities for obtaining new knowledge and additional tools and ideas that can lead to bridging the digital divide in the regions of Kazakhstan. The analysis of descriptive statistics of these values allowed us to draw a number of conclusions available that can be used to form regional digital policy. First, the regional population shows a fairly homogeneous high level of consumption of telecommunications services, which indicates their availability. Second, the majority of economic entities throughout the country have successfully passed the first stage of digitalization, which consists in the use of Internet technologies; although, not all of them are characterized by a trend toward the digitalization of business processes. Thirdly, for most organizations, the digital development of human capital still remains an important task. Further statistical research of regional differentiation of the values of the proposed digital development indicator will allow a deeper understanding of the reasons for the digital divide in Kazakhstan.

Integrating Advanced Technologies in Corrosion and Inspection Management for Oil and Gas Operations

“…SMEs may face barriers to adopting AI, robotics, and IoT solutions due to high upfront costs, lack of inhouse expertise, and organizational resistance to change. To overcome these challenges, industry stakeholders, government agencies, and technology providers must collaborate to develop initiatives aimed at bridging the digital divide, such as providing financial incentives, offering technical assistance, and fostering knowledge sharing and collaboration among industry participants (Kurmanov, et al, 2022). In conclusion, addressing the challenges and considerations associated with integrating advanced technologies in corrosion and inspection management is essential to realize the full potential of AI, robotics, and IoT solutions in the oil and gas industry.…”

The Relationship Between the Level of Digital Literacy and Internet Use in the Regions of Kazakhstan

“…Кроме того, Brown и Green (2019) [3] указывают на социально-экономическое влияние цифровой грамотности, особенно в контексте улучшения профессиональных навыков и возможностей на рынке труда. В то же время, статьи, опубликованные исследовательских журналах, освещают специфику взаимосвязи между цифровой грамотностью и использованием Интернета в контексте развивающихся стран, подчеркивая значимость инфраструктурных и образовательных инициатив [4,5].…”