Digital fast pulse shape and height analysis on cadmium–zinc–telluride arrays for high-flux energy-resolved X-ray imaging

Abbene, L.; Principato, F.; Gerardi, G.; Bettelli, Manuele; Seller, P.; Veale, Matthew C.; Zambelli, N.; Benassi, G.; Zappettini, A.

doi:10.1107/s1600577517015697

Cited by 28 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 61 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As shown in Fig. 4, the weighting potential of the anode strips, similarly to pixel detectors (Abbene et al, 2018a;Barrett et al, 1995), is shrunk near the anode, thus reducing the contribution of the holes in the charge pulses (single-electron charge sensing pulses). However, as also observed in pixel detectors, singleelectron charge sensing is reduced for photon interactions near the anode.…”

Section: Collected-charge Pulsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the development of high-resolution 3D cadmium–zinc–telluride drift strip detectors

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the last two decades, great efforts have been made in the development of 3D cadmium–zinc–telluride (CZT) detectors operating at room temperature for gamma-ray spectroscopic imaging. This work presents the spectroscopic performance of new high-resolution CZT drift strip detectors, recently developed at IMEM-CNR of Parma (Italy) in collaboration with due2lab (Italy). The detectors (19.4 mm × 19.4 mm × 6 mm) are organized into collecting anode strips (pitch of 1.6 mm) and drift strips (pitch of 0.4 mm) which are negatively biased to optimize electron charge collection. The cathode is divided into strips orthogonal to the anode strips with a pitch of 2 mm. Dedicated pulse processing analysis was performed on a wide range of collected and induced charge pulse shapes using custom 32-channel digital readout electronics. Excellent room-temperature energy resolution (1.3% FWHM at 662 keV) was achieved using the detectors without any spectral corrections. Further improvements (0.8% FWHM at 662 keV) were also obtained through a novel correction technique based on the analysis of collected-induced charge pulses from anode and drift strips. These activities are in the framework of two Italian research projects on the development of spectroscopic gamma-ray imagers (10–1000 keV) for astrophysical and medical applications.

show abstract

Section: Collected-charge Pulsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the development of high-resolution 3D cadmium–zinc–telluride drift strip detectors

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These issues are diminished for low-Z material (such as silicon) at the cost of reduced absorption efficiency. In addition, charge-sharing correction techniques are being developed to improve the spectral response of PCDs [17,18]. Advanced PCDs, such as Medipix3RX (a recent version developed by the Medipix collaboration), benefit from interpixel communication known as charge-summing mode [1] while maintaining one of the highest spatial resolutions (55 μm) and multiple energy-threshold capabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral Signatures of X-ray Scatter Using Energy-Resolving Photon-Counting Detectors

Lewis

Das

2019

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Energy-resolving photon-counting detectors (PCDs) separate photons from a polychromatic X-ray source into a number of separate energy bins. This spectral information from PCDs would allow advancements in X-ray imaging, such as improving image contrast, quantitative imaging, and material identification and characterization. However, aspects like detector spectral distortions and scattered photons from the object can impede these advantages if left unaccounted for. Scattered X-ray photons act as noise in an image and reduce image contrast, thereby significantly hindering PCD utility. In this paper, we explore and outline several important characteristics of spectral X-ray scatter with examples of soft-material imaging (such as cancer imaging in mammography or explosives detection in airport security). Our results showed critical spectral signatures of scattered photons that depend on a few adjustable experimental factors. Additionally, energy bins over a large portion of the spectrum exhibit lower scatter-to-primary ratio in comparison to what would be expected when using a conventional energy-integrating detector. These important findings allow flexible choice of scatter-correction methods and energy-bin utilization when using PCDs. Our findings also propel the development of efficient spectral X-ray scatter correction methods for a wide range of PCD-based applications.

show abstract

“…This simple approach consists of summing the energies of the coincidence events (E CSA ). However, as documented in the literature (Abbene et al, 2015(Abbene et al, , 2018aAllwork et al, 2012;Brambilla et al, 2012;Bolotnikov et al, 1999Bolotnikov et al, , 2002Gaskin et al, 2003;Kalemci & Matteson, 2002;Kim et al, 2011;Kuvvetli & Budtz-Jorgensen, 2007), the presence of charge losses at the interpixel gap of CdTe/CZT pixel detectors can create energy distortions in the measured spectra after CSA. Concerning our detectors, we observed charge/energy losses in the summed energy spectra after CSA (i.e.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 98%

“…This is due to the propagation of fluorescent X-rays which increases the initial charge cloud and creates cross-talk events. The attenuation lengths of the Cd K and Cd K X-rays are 116 mm and 161 mm, respectively (Abbene et al, 2018a;Allwork et al, 2012).…”

Section: Sub-pixel Characterization With Collimated Synchrotron X-raysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room-temperature performance of 3 mm-thick cadmium–zinc–telluride pixel detectors with sub-millimetre pixelization

Buttacavoli

Principato

Gerardi

et al. 2020

J Synchrotron Radiat

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cadmium–zinc–telluride (CZT) pixel detectors represent a consolidated choice for the development of room-temperature spectroscopic X-ray imagers, finding important applications in medical imaging, often as detection modules of a variety of new SPECT and CT systems. Detectors with 3–5 mm thicknesses are able to efficiently detect X-rays up to 140 keV giving reasonable room-temperature energy resolution. In this work, the room-temperature performance of 3 mm-thick CZT pixel detectors, recently developed at IMEM/CNR of Parma (Italy), is presented. Sub-millimetre detector arrays with pixel pitch less than 500 µm were fabricated. The detectors are characterized by good room-temperature performance even at high bias voltage operation (6000 V cm−1), with energy resolutions (FWHM) of 3% (1.8 keV) and 1.6% (2 keV) at 59.5 keV and 122.1 keV, respectively. Charge-sharing investigations were performed with both uncollimated and collimated synchrotron X-ray beams with particular attention to recovering the charge losses at the inter-pixel gap region. High rate measurements demonstrated the absence of high-flux radiation-induced polarization phenomena up to 25 × 106 photons mm−2 s−1.

show abstract

Digital fast pulse shape and height analysis on cadmium–zinc–telluride arrays for high-flux energy-resolved X-ray imaging

Cited by 28 publications

References 61 publications

Recent advances in the development of high-resolution 3D cadmium–zinc–telluride drift strip detectors

Recent advances in the development of high-resolution 3D cadmium–zinc–telluride drift strip detectors

Spectral Signatures of X-ray Scatter Using Energy-Resolving Photon-Counting Detectors

Room-temperature performance of 3 mm-thick cadmium–zinc–telluride pixel detectors with sub-millimetre pixelization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About