In the context of the deep development of modern science and technology and multimedia technology, the design style of minimalism is also developing in a diversified direction, but there are few studies on its application in teaching reform. Therefore, this paper uses TF-IDF text mining, combined with the K-Means algorithm, to construct a knowledge construction mapping literature intelligent analysis model to reveal the embodiment of the application of minimalism in the teaching reform of graphic design. The use of CHI_TF-ID is intended to address the issues of TF-IDF mining that are both time-consuming and unsatisfactory. By using DBI and DI index, the clustering effect of the K-Means algorithm can be enhanced. A new approach to graphic design design teaching is proposed by using keywords. In the teaching practice, the average results of the experiment class were 85.82, and the average result was 6.96. In contrast, the average score of the control class was 80.43, a difference from the previous score of 79.04. Teaching minimalist graphic design can effectively enhance the effectiveness of teaching.