Digital image processing for measurement of residence time distribution in a laboratory extruder

Kumar, Ajay; Ganjyal, Girish M.; Jones, David D.; Hanna, Milford A.

doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.04.025

Cited by 58 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A residence time distribution (RTD) test is simulated with a screw speed rotation N = 100 RPM (revolution per minute) and a feed flow rate Q in = 0.358 kg/h. An additive Gaussian white noise with a standard deviation of 0.002 is considered, to represent the situation where the RTD is measured using tracer and colorimetric techniques [39]. The resulting RTD is represented in Figure 3.…”

Section: A Simple Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Dynamic Models of Hot-Melt Extrusion

2016

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Hot-melt extrusion is commonly applied for forming products, ranging from metals to plastics, rubber and clay composites. It is also increasingly used for the production of pharmaceuticals, such as granules, pellets and tablets. In this context, mathematical modeling plays an important role to determine the best process operating conditions, but also to possibly develop software sensors or controllers. The early models were essentially black-box and relied on the measurement of the residence time distribution. Current models involve mass, energy and momentum balances and consists of (partial) differential equations. This paper presents a literature review of a range of existing models. A common case study is considered to illustrate the predictive capability of the main candidate models, programmed in a simulation environment (e.g., MATLAB). Finally, a comprehensive distributed parameter model capturing the main phenomena is proposed.

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Section: A Simple Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Dynamic Models of Hot-Melt Extrusion

2016

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“…Experimental data were checked to eliminate large variations in the replicates. The experiments with large variation between their replicates were performed again using an improved color measurement method as described by Kumar, Ganjyal, Jones, and Hanna (2006). There were no differences in color measurements obtained by the two methods.…”

Section: Determination Of Rtdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling residence time distribution in a twin-screw extruder as a series of ideal steady-state flow reactors

Kumar

Ganjyal

Jones

et al. 2008

Journal of Food Engineering

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“…The a* value (of the L*a*b* color space) was used as the measurement of the tracer concentration in the extrudate. 17,18 To analyze RTD, an E(t) curve was applied, which represents the variation of the concentration of the tracer at the die exit with time. The mean residence time (t) and the RTD spread around the mean (r 2 ; also called the variance) were introduced as well.…”

Section: Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of screw configurations on the grafting of maleic anhydride grafted low‐density polyethylene in reactive extrusion

Fang

Feng

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The effects of screw configurations, that is, the staggering angles and disc widths of the kneading blocks, on grafting reactive extrusion for maleic anhydride grafted low-density polyethylene were investigated in a corotating twin-screw extruder. Samples were collected from three positions along the screw and the die exit. The grafting degree (GD) of the specimens was evaluated by titration. It was found that the kneading block configurations had a significant influence on the grafting reactive extrusion. In addition, another three groups of extrusion experiments were performed to explore the intrinsic relationship between the GD, the degree of fill in the screw channel, the residence time distribution (RTD), and the mixing intensity in various screw configurations. The experimental results indicated that the location of the melting endpoint significantly affected the position at which the reaction began; the degree of fill, RTD, and mixing performance of the screw played important roles in the grafting reaction. The reverse kneading blocks with a narrow disc width, which had a high degree of fill and good mixing capacity, enhanced the increase in GD along the screw during the reactive extrusion.

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Digital image processing for measurement of residence time distribution in a laboratory extruder

Cited by 58 publications

References 16 publications

A Review of Dynamic Models of Hot-Melt Extrusion

A Review of Dynamic Models of Hot-Melt Extrusion

Modeling residence time distribution in a twin-screw extruder as a series of ideal steady-state flow reactors

Effects of screw configurations on the grafting of maleic anhydride grafted low‐density polyethylene in reactive extrusion

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