Digital Interventions on Healthy Lifestyle Management: Systematic Review

Abstract

Background Digital interventions have tremendous potential to improve well-being and health care conveyance by improving adequacy, proficiency, availability, and personalization. They have gained acknowledgment in interventions for the management of a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, we are reviewing existing conceptual frameworks, digital intervention approaches, and associated methods to identify the impact of digital intervention on adopting a healthier lifestyle. Objective This study aims to evaluate the impact of digital interventions on weight management in maintaining a healthy lifestyle (eg, regular physical activity, healthy habits, and proper dietary patterns). Methods We conducted a systematic literature review to search the scientific databases (Nature, SpringerLink, Elsevier, IEEE Xplore, and PubMed) that included digital interventions on healthy lifestyle, focusing on preventing obesity and being overweight as a prime objective. Peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2020 were included. We used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and a framework for an evidence-based systematic review. Furthermore, we improved the review process by adopting the Rayyan tool and the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles. Results Our initial searches identified 780 potential studies through electronic and manual searches; however, 107 articles in the final stage were cited following the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The identified methods for a successful digital intervention to promote a healthy lifestyle are self-monitoring, self-motivation, goal setting, personalized feedback, participant engagement, psychological empowerment, persuasion, digital literacy, efficacy, and credibility. In this study, we identified existing conceptual frameworks for digital interventions, different approaches to provide digital interventions, associated methods, and execution challenges and their impact on the promotion of healthy lifestyle management. Conclusions This systematic literature review selected intervention principles (rules), theories, design features, ways to determine efficient interventions, and weaknesses in healthy lifestyle management from established digital intervention approaches. The results help us understand how digital interventions influence lifestyle management and overcome the existing shortcomings. It serves as a basis for further research with a focus on designing, developing, testing, and evaluating the generation of personalized lifestyle recommendations as a part of digital health interventions.

HL7 FHIR with SNOMED-CT to Achieve Semantic and Structural Interoperability in Personal Health Data: A Proof-of-Concept Study

“…This section gives a detailed analysis and explanation of a tethered PHR mobile application, (e.g., the health eCoach system [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]) design and its implementation. We have used HL7 FHIR, HAPI library, SNOMED-CT, and PostgreSQL to ensure a bi-directional communication between the eCoach mobile app and PostgreSQL and used API security methods [ 55 , 56 ] to protect HAPI REST APIs.…”

ProHealth eCoach: User-Centered Design and Development of an eCoach App to Promote Healthy Lifestyle with Personalized Activity Recommendations

“…Overview Chronic illness associated with modi able lifestyle factors will be accountable for the highest death rates worldwide [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Lack of physical activities, improper dietary habits, excess consumption of tobacco and alcohol are severe risk factors for chronic diseases, such as obesity, overweight, hypertension, diabetes type II, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), osteoporosis, and several types of cancer [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

“…Overview Chronic illness associated with modi able lifestyle factors will be accountable for the highest death rates worldwide [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Lack of physical activities, improper dietary habits, excess consumption of tobacco and alcohol are severe risk factors for chronic diseases, such as obesity, overweight, hypertension, diabetes type II, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), osteoporosis, and several types of cancer [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends for adults aged 18-64 years at least 150-300 minutes of moderateintensity aerobic exercise or at least 75-150 minutes of high-intensity aerobic exercise or an equivalent combination of medium and high-intensity exercise throughout the week [6,7].…”

“…Furthermore, according to WHO, adults should include at least 400 grams or ve servings daily of fruits, vegetables, legumes (i.e., lentils and legumes, nuts, and whole grains(i.e., unprocessed corn, millet, oats, wheat, and brown rice) in their healthy dietary plan [8]. Previous studies have shown that an active and healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk of chronic disease and improve the health-related quality of life and psychological condition of people suffering from chronic illness [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Healthy lifestyle management can be supported by selfmanagement, motivation, coaching, regular monitoring, goal setting, goal evaluation reminders, and contextual personalized recommendation generation.…”

Web-Based Lifestyle Interventions for Survivors of Cancer: Usability Study

“…Emerging evidence shows that web-delivered interventions can improve diet [ 1 - 3 ], physical activity [ 1 - 16 ], and weight management [ 10 , 17 , 18 ] in survivors of cancer [ 19 - 21 ]. Previous studies have reported positive associations between the lifestyle intervention website use by survivors of cancer and improvements in diet (ie, vegetable consumption) [ 2 ], physical activity (ie, aerobic and resistance-based) [ 13 , 22 ], and behavioral outcomes [ 3 , 23 , 24 ].…”