Digital literacy in undergraduate pharmacy education: a scoping review

Abstract

Objectives Conduct a scoping review to identify the approaches used to integrate digital literacy into undergraduate pharmacy programs across different countries, focusing on methods for education, training, and assessment. Materials and methods Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, we searched 5 electronic databases in June 2022: MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL. Three independent reviewers screened all articles; data extraction was conducted by 2 reviewers. Any discrepancies were arbitrated by 2 additional reviewers. Results Out of 624 articles, 57 were included in this review. Educational and training approaches for digital literacy in undergraduate pharmacy programs encompassed a theoretical understanding of health informatics, familiarization with diverse digital technologies, and applied informatics in 2 domains: patient-centric care through digital technologies, and the utilization of digital technologies in interprofessional collaboration. Blended pedagogical strategies were commonly employed. Assessment approaches included patient plan development requiring digital information retrieval, critical appraisal of digital tools, live evaluations of telehealth skills, and quizzes and exams on health informatics concepts. External engagement with system developers, suppliers, and other institutes supported successful digital literacy education. Discussion and conclusion This scoping review identifies various learning objectives, teaching, and assessment strategies to incorporate digital literacy in undergraduate pharmacy curricula. Recommendations include acknowledging the evolving digital health landscape, ensuring constructive alignment between learning objectives, teaching approach and assessments, co-development of digital literacy courses with stakeholders, and using standardized guidelines for reporting educational interventions. This study provides practical suggestions for enhancing digital literacy education in undergraduate pharmacy programs.

Digital health in pharmacy education: Elective practical course integrating wearable devices and their generated health data

“…Increasing adoption of digital health interventions in pharmacy practice requires a digitally literate pharmacy workforce. 17 However, the International Pharmaceutical Federation indicated in its global survey on “digital health in pharmacy education” that very few pharmacy schools have integrated digital health education into their curricula. 13 The existing educational approaches included theoretical and experiential learning as well as simulations involving digital technologies.…”

“…13 The existing educational approaches included theoretical and experiential learning as well as simulations involving digital technologies. 17 The design of our practical elective course allowed pharmacy students to get theoretical insights into wearable technology as well as novel experiential learning involving the effect of food, physical activity, and stress on physiological parameters. Thus, the results of the elective practical course confirm previous studies which demonstrated that the experience of wearing digital devices and interpreting health-related data enhance engagement and learning among medical, dental, and pharmacy students, as well as practicing pharmacists.…”