Digital media use in the 2 h before bedtime is associated with sleep variables in university students

Abstract

Digital media use is widespread in University students, and use of digital media near bedtime has a broadly negative effect on sleep outcomes. Adequate and good quality sleep is important for physical and mental health, but few studies have rigorously measured both sleep and digital media use. In this study, we investigated whether self-reported sleep patterns were associated with digital media use in a first-year University student (N = 254, 48% male) population. Students tracked their sleep through daily online diaries and provided digital media use data in 15-min blocks for 2 h prior to bedtime on nine occasions. A longer duration of digital media use was associated with reduced total sleep time and later bedtime, while greater diversity of digital media use was associated with increased total sleep time and earlier bedtime. Analysis of activities in the last hour before bedtime indicated that activity type plays a role in digital media's effect on sleep, with computer work, surfing the Internet, and listening to music showing the strongest relationship to multiple sleep variables. These findings have implications for physical and mental health of University students and can inform design of devices to minimize negative effects of digital media on sleep.

Replacing sedentary time with sleep, light, or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity: effects on self-regulation and executive functioning

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Reformation of public service to meet citizens’ needs as customers: Evaluating SMS as an alternative service delivery channel

“…Market researchers and academics have long realized that perceptions of excellent service quality are imperative for customers to be satisfied and loyal in the private business sector (Orzech et al, 2016;Vošner et al, 2016), and now public administrators have asserted that it is a mandatory component for public service domains to enhance competitiveness and profitability. It is now well accepted that providing better quality service is the core of any business model to be successful and maintain competitiveness (Shareef et al, 2014).…”

The Relationship of Electronic Equipment Use Before Bedtime and Sleep Problems: Evidence from Young Adults of Southern China

“…Levenson and his colleagues (2017) clearly indicated that it would disturb sleep independently [6]. And previous research showed that after using electronic equipment with shortwave light before bedtime, the secretory quantity of endogenous melatonin would be suppressed and the secretory time would be delayed by the interfered, which lead to a longer sleep onset latency time and shorter rapid eye movement time; and after cognitive arousal by a task, sleep onset latency time would be extended too; individuals with longer electronic equipment using before bedtime would predict a shorter total sleep time, while individuals with more active types would predict a longer total sleep time [5,7,8]. In addition, some investigations found that the slow wave activity of frontal EEG, which was usually considered as the main active wave during nonrapid eye movement sleep, would be reduced during sleep, and the time of rapid eye movement would also be shorten by this action [9][10][11].…”

“…There is certain influence of the usage of electronic equipment before bedtime to alertness. Studies showed it would rise the alertness, reduce the sleepiness, and predict more high frequency EEG activity [5,8]. It's harder to fall asleep with higher alertness.…”

“…(2) Individuals with different active content would have different cognitive workload, which affect subjective fatigue and sleepiness [24]. And sleep homeostasis could be disturbed then [5,8,11]. 3As the lack of sense to time, sleep displacement could be appearing easily [2].…”