Digital Nature Benefits Typical Individuals but not Individuals with Depressive Symptoms

Craig, Curtis M.; KleinMartina, I; MenonChloe, V; RinaldoShannon, B

doi:10.1089/eco.2014.0057

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Participants performed the abbreviated vigilance task while their frontal cortex activity was assessed with fNIR. Participants then were exposed to nature scenes, urban scenes, or control scenes, as exposure to nature pictures are thought to improve performance on tasks requiring cognitive control, relative to urban pictures (Berman, Jonides, & Kaplan, 2008; Berto, 2005; Craig, Klein, Menon, & Rinaldo, 2015). As implied by attention restoration theory (Kaplan, 1995), the other rest breaks require participants to utilize executive processes for directing attention to a blank screen or urban stimuli.…”

Section: Study Goalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Abbreviated Vigilance Task and Its Attentional Contributors

Craig

Klein

2019

Hum Factors

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Objective: To measure contributing attentional processes, particularly that of executive attention, to two iterations of the abbreviated vigilance task. Background: Joel Warm was at the forefront of vigilance research for decades, and resource theory is currently the dominant explanation for the vigilance decrement. The underlying mechanisms contributing to both overall performance and the decrement are only partly understood. Method: Seventy-eight participants answered questionnaires about their attentional skills and stress state, performed the Attention Network Test and two blocks of the 12-min abbreviated vigilance task, with a brief break between the two vigils during which they viewed images intended to affect performance. Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin were measured with functional near-infrared imaging. Results: Expected patterns were observed for both iterations of the abbreviated vigilance task, with performance declining after the first 2 min. Manipulations intended to evaluate whether executive processes contributed to vigilance performance failed to observe an effect. Other factors, particularly orienting and alerting attentional networks, task engagement, and subclinical ADHD symptomology were associated with performance. Significant factors for the first and second vigilance blocks were different. Conclusion: We suggest that (a) cognitive control is not a predominant factor, at least for the abbreviated vigilance task, and (b) attentional mechanisms and stress states affecting performance on the abbreviated vigilance task change over time. Application: Potential applications of this research include the use of breaks for sustained attention tasks involving high sensory load, and implications for the use of the abbreviated vigilance task as a proxy for general vigilance processes.

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Section: Study Goalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Abbreviated Vigilance Task and Its Attentional Contributors

Craig

Klein

2019

Hum Factors

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“…Attention Restoration Theory (ART) proposes that exposure to particular environments, especially nature, helps to restore attention after depletion because natural environments gently capture externally-focused (exogenous) attention processes, thereby allowing internally-focused (endogenous) attention to rest and be replenished ( Kaplan and Kaplan, 1989 ; Kaplan, 1995 ; Williams et al, 2018 ). Sustained attention has often ( Hartig et al, 1991 ; Berto, 2005 ; Craig et al, 2015 ; Lee et al, 2015 ; Schutte et al, 2017 ; Amicone et al, 2019 ), but not always ( Van den Berg et al, 2003 ; Nguyen et al, 2018 ; Cassarino et al, 2019 ; Hicks et al, 2020 ; Neilson et al, 2020 ), been associated with performance improvement after exposure to nature. Two recent meta-analyses revealed that the effect size of nature exposure on sustained attention performance was minimal ( Ohly et al, 2016 ; Stevenson et al, 2018 ) and it was noted that the mechanisms underpinning the effects of nature exposure on sustained attention performance are not well understood ( Stevenson et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and Meadow Views Both Afford Perceived but Not Performance-Based Attention Restoration: Results From Two Experimental Studies

Johnson

Pontvianne

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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Attention Restoration Theory proposes that exposure to natural environments helps to restore attention. For sustained attention—the ongoing application of focus to a task, the effect appears to be modest, and the underlying mechanisms of attention restoration remain unclear. Exposure to nature may improve attention performance through many means: modulation of alertness and one’s connection to nature were investigated here, in two separate studies. In both studies, participants performed the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) before and immediately after viewing a meadow, ocean, or urban image for 40 s, and then completed the Perceived Restorativeness Scale. In Study 1 (n = 68), an eye-tracker recorded the participants’ tonic pupil diameter during the SARTs, providing a measure of alertness. In Study 2 (n = 186), the effects of connectedness to nature on SART performance and perceived restoration were studied. In both studies, the image viewed was not associated with participants’ sustained attention performance; both nature images were perceived as equally restorative, and more restorative than the urban image. The image viewed was not associated with changes in alertness. Connectedness to nature was not associated with sustained attention performance, but it did moderate the relation between viewing the natural images and perceived restorativeness; participants reporting a higher connection to nature also reported feeling more restored after viewing the nature, but not the urban, images. Dissociation was found between the physiological and behavioral measures and the perceived restorativeness of the images. The results suggest that restoration associated with nature exposure is not associated with modulation of alertness but is associated with connectedness with nature.

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“…Each participant watched two 3-minute videos of a walk along footpaths in one of three urban parks in Sheffield, UK (Figure 1). The duration of this exposure to green-space is similar to that used by previous studies that found attention restoration effects of virtual exposures to green-spaces (6 min, Chow and Lau (2015); 4 min, Craig et al (2015); 40 s, Lee et al (2015)). Sites were selected so that, in combination, they captured the range of typical urban parks in the United Kingdom.…”

Section: Exposure To Urban Green-space and Biodiversity Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Parameter estimates are set at zero for the reference levels, which for site is High Hazels Park, for gender is female, and for ethnicity is non-white. Significant results (p < 0.05) are in bold and marginally significant results (p attention restoration benefits of experiencing an urban green-space compared to urban areas without vegetation (Chow & Lau, 2015;Craig et al, 2015;Lee et al, 2015). Here, we used a virtual experiment that facilitated manipulation of biodiversity and ensured that all other conditions, other than biodiversity exposure (operationalised here as species richness), were kept constant and in which the only auditory stimulus was birdsong.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crucially, the experiment used a paired design in which each respondent is exposed to two different magnitudes of biodiversity, while all other environmental features are kept constant. We used virtual exposures to green-space as these facilitate experimental manipulation of biodiversity exposure, and numerous other studies have demonstrated that virtual green-space exposure can generate benefits, including attention restoration (Chow & Lau, 2015;Craig et al, 2015;Lee et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An experimental test of the impact of avian diversity on attentional benefits and enjoyment of people experiencing urban green‐space

Douglas

Evans

2021

People and Nature

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1. Biodiversity may play a key role in generating the well-being benefits of visiting green-spaces.2. The ability of people to accurately perceive variation in biodiversity is, however, unclear and evidence supporting links between biodiversity exposure and wellbeing outcomes remains equivocal. In part, this is due to the paucity of controlled experimental studies that deal adequately with confounding factors that covary

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Digital Nature Benefits Typical Individuals but not Individuals with Depressive Symptoms

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

The Abbreviated Vigilance Task and Its Attentional Contributors

The Abbreviated Vigilance Task and Its Attentional Contributors

Water and Meadow Views Both Afford Perceived but Not Performance-Based Attention Restoration: Results From Two Experimental Studies

An experimental test of the impact of avian diversity on attentional benefits and enjoyment of people experiencing urban green‐space

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