“…In one common type, which we termed “targeted,” the entire investigation is focused in one or two closely related areas, such as resources or specific actions like curation (e.g., Akmon 2014, Atkins 2003, Ayris et al 2010, Beagrie and Houghton 2013a and 2013b, Borgman et al 2014, Cirrinnà et al 2013). Another common type comprises “wider” studies, which investigate several different gap areas at once, often in the context of a single institution, a nation’s scientific enterprises, or a comparative international framework (e.g., Alexogiannopoulos et al 2010, Gibbs 2009, Hoeflich Mohr et al 2015, Jerrome and Breeze 2009, Kuipers and van der Hoeven 2009, Martinez-Uribe 2009, Mitcham et al 2015, Open Exeter Project Team 2012, Parsons et al 2013, Perry 2008, Peters and Dryden 2011, Thornhill and Palmer 2014, UNC-CH 2012, Waller and Sharpe 2006). Of the 142 we reviewed, 115 studies were targeted, and 28 were wider.…”