Digital Simulation of the Global Transport of Carbon Monoxide

Kwok, H. C. W.; Langlois, W. E.; Ellefsen, Richard

doi:10.1147/rd.151.0003

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It appears worthwhile to make a brief summary of a long history of the simulation of atmospheric CO. Three‐dimensional modeling of CO began quite early. For example, Kwok et al [1971] treated CO as an inert tracer within a general circulation model. Early work treated the urban pollution and methane sources of carbon monoxide, and we will not attempt to survey all efforts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The subtropical global plume in the Pacific Exploratory Mission‐Tropics A (PEM‐Tropics A), PEM‐Tropics B, and the Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP): How tropical emissions affect the remote Pacific

et al. 2002

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An extended southern subtropical plume of CO meanders >15,000 km around the world, gradually spreading around ∼20 S. This southern pollution plume is most noticeable in the burning season, southern spring; a similar subtropical plume appears in the northern spring. We use tracer maps to guide the use of trajectories to trace observations of the plume to their origins. The MM5 mesoscale model provides high‐resolution, near‐global synoptic reconstructions of the weather. Two situations are analyzed: NASA's airborne Pacific Exploratory Mission‐Tropics A (PEM‐Tropics A) period, September–October 1996 and the PEM‐Tropics B period, March–April 1999. Similar features are noted for a much earlier mission in 1977, which apparently captured the first, but never‐recognized, samples of the global pollution of the Southern Hemisphere. For PEM‐Tropics A, near‐source pieces of the plume are clearly seen in the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) absorbing aerosol product and are well simulated. Downwind, the aircraft sampling of several strands deriving from a single plume seems representative and well simulated. A general mechanism of the plume emerges: The southern plume arises in surface accumulation regions in Africa and South America. Thunderstorm‐scale venting of pollutants usually lofts the plume; however, synoptic‐scale lifting can produce intense outbreaks. The plume flows eastward in the subtropical jet region as a single coherent but articulated current until it is increasingly filamented by storms in the Pacific. A similar northern subtropical plume is described for the PEM‐Tropics B period. The 100‐km model resolution we used seemed to capture much of the variability. However, the model somewhat under predicted the highest values.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The subtropical global plume in the Pacific Exploratory Mission‐Tropics A (PEM‐Tropics A), PEM‐Tropics B, and the Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP): How tropical emissions affect the remote Pacific

et al. 2002

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“…For reducing photosynthesis we divided the rate at which ocean producers incorporated phosphorus and nitrogen (arrow 15, 16, 17 and 21 in Figure 1) by the DDT level. For example, a DDT level of 1 implies no rate change, while a DDT level of 1 -5 implies that the incorporation rates of phosphorus and nitrogen by ocean producers are cut by 2/3 (divided by [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: The Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer simulation of world systems: biogeochemical cycles

Morgan

Weinberg

1972

International Journal of Environmental Studies

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Through the use of computer simulation of three biogeochemical cycles--carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus--we have shown that DDT poisoning of ocean producers (plants) can cause their growth to be limited by nitrogen, whereas ordinarily it is limited by phosphorus.We must qualify what we have shown because we restricted the simulation by representing only two ecosystems (ocean and land), by using simplified equations for some flow rates, and finally by estimating data for some biomass values and for some flow rates.In order to remove some of the restrictions on the simulation, we are extending it so that we may include in it knowledge of our own, of ecologists, and of systems analysts. By extending it, we are increasing our ability for using it to understand, and consequently to predict and control, the behavior of the interacting biogeochemical cycles of the world.

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“…Several three-dimensional modeling studies have been attempted in the past to better understand the global _' distribution of CO. The earliest attempt was made by Kwok et al (1971). In their simulation, CO was transported within a GCM as an inert tracerand allowed to advect within the troposphere over 30 days during a simulated November-December time period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%