Digital Simulation Verification and Validation

Abstract

The paper considers the steps involved in building modern digital simulations, from a conceptual mathematical model to specific simulation settings, for example, meshing parameters. The paper presents a generalised approach to verification and validation of computer simulations and describes its main stages. The approach proposed is based on the assumption that the complex physical phenomena and objects to be simulated have a hierarchical structure that allows them to be split into constituent components (according to their design purpose, such as assemblies or parts, or according to the field of study, such as gas dynamics, combustion, heat transfer, etc.). Each element uses its own mathematical (or digital) model that will have undergone verification and validation. A complex computer simulation is verified and validated from the bottom up, that is, in the following order: individual parts, then assemblies, and finally the physical phenomenon or object under consideration. We consider a case study of verification and validation as pertaining to a comprehensive calculation of axial turbine parameters for a gas turbine engine. We also address issues concerning verification and certification of software used to develop digital simulations, as well as issues concerning verification and validation of digital product twins.