Digital Switching--How It Has Developed

Abstract

Abstroct-Digital techniques are discrete techniques and they have been applied to automatic telephony since its invention. The technology for the extensive application of digital switching and marriage to similar transmission techniques and services dependent thereon are emerging as economically viable.A clearer understanding of the principles of digital switching is now perceived. Definitions are given to such elusive terms asdigitolswitching, multiplexing, buffering, time and spoce stoges, time shims, time slot interchonge and BORSCHT.At this stage in the development of digital switching, as we are about to take the last steps to achieve integrated end-to-end digital networks, it is appropriate to pause and review the milestones that have illuminated the way. Like this entire issue, this article serves as a reference to the state-of-the-art and how we got here.

Neural Network Parallel Computing

“…TOM (Time Division Multiplexing) hierarchical switching systems have been widely used in terrestrial networks and satellite networks because the system makes it possible to reduce the hardware cost, to enhance the trunk line efficiency, and to accommodate the additional loads (Vaughan 1979) (Joel 1979) (Eng and Acampora 1987) (Bonuccelli 1989). In (Bonuccelli 1989) Bonuccelli defined the general structure of the TDM hierarchical switching systems.…”

A time-wavelength assignment algorithm for a WDM star network

“…Time Division Multiplex (TDM) switching systems have been widely used in terrestrial [6] and satellite communication [7] systems. In terrestrial networks, a time division packet switching system may have a switch in which the internal switching elements are set to establish paths from input lines to output lines.…”

Evolution of the Intelligent Telecommunications Network

“…As digital circuit costs fell over the next 20 years, digital switching became feasible in local offices as well as in large toll offices. Time-division digital switches are now being installed in local offices throughout the network (14). In addition, existing space-division electronic switching systems are being programmed to switch digital pulse streams as well as analog signals.…”