Digital technologies and the role of healthcare professionals: a scoping review exploring nurses’ skills in the digital era and in light of the Covid-19 pandemic (Preprint)

Abstract

BACKGROUND The nursing role significantly changed following reforms in the nurses training process, which now requires a three-year university degree. Nowadays, nurses are increasingly trained to promote and improve the quality of clinical practice and to provide support in the assistance of patients and communities. At the same time, they are facing the introduction of new disruptive technologies in public health, which require the healthcare staff to develop new digital skills. The adaptation to new care processes and the acquisition of new digital skills was inevitably accelerated by the Covid19 pandemic, which has highlighted, at least in the Italian scenario, some critical aspects of the current healthcare asset, such as the lack of human and technological resources and the need to rethink the management of spaces and work-shifts for outpatient visits. OBJECTIVE Aim of this paper is reviewing and defining the role of nurses and the skills they are asked to master in terms of new methodological approaches and digital knowledge, in a continuously evolving healthcare scenario which relies more and more on technology and digital solutions. METHODS This review was conducted using thematic summary of previous studies. Authors have collected publications through international electronic databases (PubMed, JMIR and Elsevier) related to new telemedicine approaches impacting on nurses’ role, considering the time span 2011 – 2021. RESULTS The assessment was completed between April and July 2021. After a critical appraisal, authors reviewed a selection of 60 studies. Articles were divided into 3 tables, based on the database of reference. The results obtained were organized into five emerging macro areas: 1) leadership: nurses are expected to show leadership capabilities when introducing new technologies in healthcare practices considering their pivotal role in coordinating various professional figures and the patient; 2) soft skills: new communication skills, adaptiveness and problem-solving are needed to adapt the interaction to the level of digital skills and digital knowledge of the patient; 3) training: specific subjects need to be added to nursing training to boost the adoption of new communication and technological skills, enabling healthcare professionals to largely and effectively use new digital tools; 4) remote management of Covid-19 or chronic patients during the pandemic: a role that has proved to be fundamental is the community and family nurse. Healthcare systems are adopting novel assistance models to support patients at home and to enable decentralization of services from hospitals to the territory; 5) management of interpersonal relationships with patients through Telemedicine: a person-centered approach with an open and sensitive attitude seems to be even more important in the framework of telemedicine where a face-to-face session is not possible and therefore non-verbal indicators are more problematic to be noticed. CONCLUSIONS Further advancing nurses’ readiness in adopting telemedicine requires an integrated approach, including combinations technical knowledge, novel management and communication skills, for which the current review provides a wide-ranging and general – albeit valuable – starting point. CLINICALTRIAL NA

Pengaruh Literasi Digital terhadap Pelaksanaan Asuhan Keperawatan

“…Misalnya pada pelayanan rawat jalan, sudah dilengkapi oleh aplikasi yang dapat mempermudah dalam proses pendaftaran hingga mendapatkan layanan kesehatan yang dibutuhkan secara online. Penggunaan tele-health juga sangat membantu masyarakat luas untuk mendapatkan konsultasi kesehatan dari jauh sehingga hal ini memungkinkan pelayanan kesehatan dapat menjangkau tempat-tempat yang sulit dijangkau (Rubeis, 2021, Isidori et al, 2022.…”