Digital Technology Implementation in Battery-Management Systems for Sustainable Energy Storage: Review, Challenges, and Recommendations

Abstract

Energy storage systems (ESS) are among the fastest-growing electrical power system due to the changing worldwide geography for electrical distribution and use. Traditionally, methods that are implemented to monitor, detect and optimize battery modules have limitations such as difficulty in balancing charging speed and battery capacity usage. A battery-management system overcomes these traditional challenges and enhances the performance of managing battery modules. The integration of advancements and new technologies enables the provision of real-time monitoring with an inclination towards Industry 4.0. In the previous literature, it has been identified that limited studies have presented their reviews by combining the literature on different digital technologies for battery-management systems. With motivation from the above aspects, the study discussed here aims to provide a review of the significance of digital technologies like wireless sensor networks (WSN), the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, edge computing, blockchain, and digital twin and machine learning (ML) in the enhancement of battery-management systems. Finally, this article suggests significant recommendations such as edge computing with AI model-based devices, customized IoT-based devices, hybrid AI models and ML-based computing, digital twins for battery modeling, and blockchain for real-time data sharing.

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Review of Various Machine Learning Approaches for Predicting Parameters of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles

“…Given concerns about battery system safety and performance, a well-designed BMS is essential to prevent battery failure [7]. With enhanced battery protection, SOC and SOH estimation, cell balancing, and thermal management [8], batteries can operate more safely and efficiently, with SOC and SOH estimation being crucial components. The SOC represents the battery's current capacity to its full charge, and the SOH signifies the battery's capacity compared to its original nominal capacity when brand new.…”

Cyber-Physical Cloud Battery Management Systems: Review of Security Aspects

“…Availability attacks: Refers to the denial-of-service (DoS), in which the attacker seeks to make the CBMS services unavailable to EVs [52]. DoS can be fulfilled by either flooding the network or crashing the network.…”

“…Concerning the CBMSs, it has been discussed that the blockchain can be used to enhance both software and hardware aspects [68]. For instance, the blockchain can be used to manage critical activities related to the transaction and sharing of battery data between the CBMS and the BMS terminal nodes [52]. The blockchain transactions are time-stamped, cryptic, and immutable, meaning that the data cannot be read or modified from single communication nodes.…”

“…Thus, a high level of protection an security against all types of cyberattacks can be assured. A comprehensive discussion the blockchain-based implementation of the battery control strategies on a distributed ne work of BMS nodes can be found in [52].…”