Digital Twin as a Decision Support Tool for Airport Traffic Control

Digital Twins in Civil Infrastructure Systems

“…Respondents also agreed that DTs do not always have to model a physical asset; they can also model systems and processes, so long as the object is real. This correlates with the work of [72], which proposes a DT of an Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) and the work of [57], which discusses a DT model of an airport's traffic control system.…”

“…The inclusion of DTs in intelligent management systems can mitigate risk and increase system stability. DTs can be used to enhance a centralised airport traffic control system, as in [57], where vehicle coordinates are received up to 10 times per second, and the user is able to observe the real-time displacement of vehicles. This increased visibility can help mitigate negative consequences resulting from dangerous proximity between vehicles and objects, as well as tackling congestion issues stemming from poor management.…”

“…However, some papers discuss the future development of DTs, AI, and ML algorithms. For example, [57] touches on the evolution of a twin where, in its early stages, the role of a control system can be executed by a skilled operator. In the long run, user decisions can be stored in the twin's memory and called upon later to train a control system through a ML algorithm.…”

“…Different DT applications call for different refresh rates in terms of how often the twin receives data. For example, the DT presented in [57] receives data on vehicle coordinates up to 10 times per second. The authors argue that this level of accuracy is sufficient for an airport traffic control system.…”

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Supply Chain Synchronization

“…DRL agents can coordinate the supply chain if and only if end-to-end visibility is provided. Additionally, planning and real-time control require data availability on replenishment, inventory levels, demand, and production capacities [40]. The ultimate satisfaction of these requirements is an advent of a digital replica of a supply chain capable of representing the system state for any given moment in real-time.…”