“…However, "digitalization" is the process of converting text, photos, voice notes, video, and music into digital format using equipment like the internet, mobile devices, tablets, digital cameras, projectors, scanners, and laptop computers, among others, in addition to computers. According to Borisenkov, Gukalenko, and Pustovoitov (2021), digitalization in education refers to a number of strategies for transferring traditional forms of teaching and learning into the virtual space, including online courses, online exams, and web-seminars/conferences or workshops using electronic platforms. Daniel (2020) and Ray (2020) proposed that learning can be done synchronously or asynchronously online using electronic platforms such as Zoom, WhatsApp, Google Meets, Google Hangouts, Skype, Microsoft Teams, or FaceTime.…”