Dihydroxy and monohydroxy fatty acids in Legionella pneumophila

Mayberry, W. R.

doi:10.1128/jb.147.2.373-381.1981

Cited by 52 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, Phydroxymyristic acid, a typical constituent of most lipopolysaccharides, was not detected in the crude cell walls. As reported previously by other investigators (10,18,20), the fatty acid profile of L. pneumophila consisted of unbranchedand branched-chain fatty acids. In our studies, the branched-chain fatty acid content of crude cell walls was 0.68%, whereas PG-PC was 0.33%.…”

supporting

confidence: 75%

Peptidoglycan of Legionella pneumophila: apparent resistance to lysozyme hydrolysis correlates with a high degree of peptide cross-linking

Amano¹,

Williams²

1983

J Bacteriol

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Peptidoglycan (PG) from Legionella pneumophila was composed of muramic acid, glucosamine, glutamic acid, alanine, and meso-diaminopimelic acid in a molar ratio of 0.8:0.8:1.1:1.7:1. Partially purified PG contained trypsin-insensitive proteins which were extracted by 1 N NaOH hydrolysis without apparent dissolution of the PG. Lysozyme hydrolysis of purified PG or cell walls caused an increase in reducing groups which correlated with roughly 70 to 100% digestion of disaccharides. However, there was no significant decrease in turbidity during lysozyme hydrolysis of purified PG or cell wall. Additionally, 80 to 90% of the meso-diaminopimelic acid e-amino groups were not susceptible to dinitrophenylation. Collectively, the PG of L. pneumophila was sensitive to lysozyme hydrolysis and insensitive to alkali dissolution, and 80 to 90% of the NH2 groups of mesodiaminopimelic acid were apparently involved in cross-linkages between peptides. The structural features of the cell envelope of Legionella pneumophila have been studied by several investigators (8, 14, 21). The cell envelope consists of three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane, a peptidoglycan (PG) layer or cell wall, and the outer membrane (11). However, the chemical composition of the cell envelope and sacculus (32) of L. pneumophila has not been extensively investigated. Keel et al. (14) reported that the PG constituents, alanine, glutamic acid, muramic acid, and glucosamine, were present in molar ratios of 2:1.14:0.51:0.44 but that diaminopimelic acid (DAP) was undetectable. In contrast, Guerrant et al. (13) found DAP in the cell walls or PG of seven species of L. pneumophila. These results led us to examine the chemical composition and structure of the PG of L. pneumophila Philadelphia 2. The PG of this organism contains chemical components common to most gram-negative stained bacteria. Moreover, the PG peptide subunits may be 80 to 90% cross-linked with meso-DAP to produce a highly stable PG complex.

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supporting

confidence: 75%

Peptidoglycan of Legionella pneumophila: apparent resistance to lysozyme hydrolysis correlates with a high degree of peptide cross-linking

Amano¹,

Williams²

1983

J Bacteriol

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“…The presence of hydroxy fatty acids has not been reported previously in whole-cell hydrolysates of legionellae, but very low concentrations of these acids have been found in various cell fractions of L. pneumophila (23). We were able to detect hydroxy acids in the present study because a high-resolution capillary column was used for the GLC analysis.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 48%

Legionella oakridgensis: unusual new species isolated from cooling tower water

Orrison¹,

Cherry²,

Tyndall³

et al. 1983

Appl Environ Microbiol

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We describe a new species of Legionella represented by 10 strains isolated from industrial cooling towers. Legionella oakridgensis differed genetically from the other seven species of Legionella in DNA hybridization studies and differed serologically in direct fluorescent-antibody tests. The new species, unlike all other species except L. jordanis, did not require added L-cysteine for growth in serial transfer on charcoal-yeast extract agar. L. oakridgensis, as well as three other species tested, required L-cysteine for primary isolation from animal tissues. L. oakridgensis was the only species of Legionella that failed to produce alkaline phosphatase at pH 8.5. In all other respects, it resembled other species of Legionella, including having a high content of branched-chain cellular fatty acids and being pathogenic for guinea pigs. These bacteria have not yet been associated with human disease, but they are potential causes of legionellosis. Colonization of air conditioning equipment by legionellae is recognized in the United States and abroad as a potential major public health problem because strong circumstantial evidence indicates that cooling towers and evaporative condensers have frequently been the source of legionellae involved in outbreaks of both mild and severe respiratory disease (2, 11, 12, 16). The maintainence of equipment free of these organisms is a desirable objective but one that has not yet been achieved by practical means. In this study we describe 10 strains isolated from thermally altered water of large industrial cooling towers in two different geographic locations (R. Tyndall, S. B. Gough, C. B. Fliermans, E. Dominque, and C. Duncan, submitted for publication). These cultures were characterized by morphological, cultural, biochemical, genetic, serological, and pathogenicity tests. They represent a new species, for which the name Legionella oakridgensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of L. oakridgensis is Oak Ridge 10 (OR-10; ATCC 33761). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cultures. Tyndall and co-workers in Oak Ridge, Tenn., isolated the strains of L. oakridgensis designatt Publication 2103, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

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“…Mass spectra of 3-O-TMS fatty acid methyi esters are characterised by an abundant ion (M-15) + [9], which was used for monitoring the 3-hydroxy fatty acids. The TMS derivative of i14:0(2,3-diOH) methyl ester forms two structural specific ions m/z 234 and m/z 257 in EI-MS [10]; both ions were used to monitor i14:0(2,3-diOH). The methyl ester of n28:0(27-oxo) was monitored with ion m/z 362 and n27:0-dioic with ion m/z 437, respectively [6].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Legionella pneumophila in biofilms containing a complex microbial consortium by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of genus-specific hydroxy fatty acids

Walker

1993

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method was used to detect Legionella pneumophila in biofilms in potable water containing a complex microbial consortium. The unique 3-hydroxy and 2,3-dihydroxy fatty acids of the L. pneumophila lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were detected in both the planktonic phase of the continuous culture model and in the biofilms forming on both copper and polyethylene substrata. The technique confirmed that lower numbers of Legionella colonised and grew on copper in comparison to polyethylene and offers promise for routine detection of Legionella in biofilms in the environment.

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Dihydroxy and monohydroxy fatty acids in Legionella pneumophila

Cited by 52 publications

References 23 publications

Peptidoglycan of Legionella pneumophila: apparent resistance to lysozyme hydrolysis correlates with a high degree of peptide cross-linking

Peptidoglycan of Legionella pneumophila: apparent resistance to lysozyme hydrolysis correlates with a high degree of peptide cross-linking

Legionella oakridgensis: unusual new species isolated from cooling tower water

Detection of Legionella pneumophila in biofilms containing a complex microbial consortium by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of genus-specific hydroxy fatty acids

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