Diisobutyl phthalate has comparable anti-androgenic effects to di-n-butyl phthalate in fetal rat testis

Borch, Julie; Axelstad, Marta; Vinggaard, Anne Marie; Dalgaard, Majken

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.10.020

Cited by 172 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Since oral administration of DiBP at higher concentrations can elicit a damage in prepubertal rat testes, it is obvious that DiBP reveals a testicular toxicity, similar to other phthalate esters as previously reported 10,23,24,26,27) . In contrast, a significant increase of apoptotic spermatogenic cells could not be observed in prepubertal mouse testis, even at higher concentrations and consecutive exposure for 7 days.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Oishi and Hiraga (1980a) demonstrated that DiBP reduced body weight and Zinc concentration in young mouse testes by feeding a diet containing 2% DiBP. Furthermore, skeletal malformations, undescended testes, reduced anogenital distance and testicular histopathological effects were observed by administration of DiBP in rats at fetal stage 23,24) . Therefore, in order to clarify the effects of DiBP on testes in detail, the present study was carried out using prepubertal rats and mice, especially focusing on apoptotic spermatogenic cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Thus, DiBP has been used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC), inks, paints, adhesives and cosmetics 22) . Although DiBP has been frequently used, for example, 100 tons per year in Denmark 23) , only a few reports on the effects of DiBP on male reproductive system are available at pres-ent. Oishi and Hiraga (1980a) demonstrated that DiBP reduced body weight and Zinc concentration in young mouse testes by feeding a diet containing 2% DiBP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of di-iso-butyl phthalate on testes of prepubertal rats and mice

Zhu

Tay

Andriana

et al. 2010

Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn.

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Summary: Di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP), a special plasticizer, is used as a substitute for di(n-butyl) phthalate(DBP). The effects of DiBP on testes in prepubertal rodents still remain to be obscure. Testicular toxicity of DiBP was investigated in 21-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6N mice, using with in situ TUNEL method. For an acute exposure experiment, animals were once given DiBP at various concentrations by oral gavage. For a subchronic exposure experiment, they were daily given DiBP at various concentrations for consecutive 7 days. Controls were treated with corn oil under the same condition. For a recovery experiment, rats were once given DiBP (1000 mg/kg), and were sacrificed at day 1 to 8 after administration. Furthermore, the disorder of vimentin filaments in Sertoli cells after daily administration of DiBP (500 mg/kg) for consecutive 7 days in rats also identified by immunohistochemistry using anti-vimentin antibody. As a result, the present study demonstrated that DiBP can induce testicular atrophy in rats due to the increase of TUNEL-positive spermatogenic cells in both acute and subchronic exposure experiments. At the same time, the disorder of vimentin filaments in Sertoli cells was recognized. However, no such damages could be found in mouse testis. For the recovery experiment, the testis weight and testicular morphology returned to normal at day 6 after administration. In conclusion, the present study indicates that DiBP causes the significant increase of TUNEL-positive spermatogenic cells and the disorder of vimentin filaments in Sertoli cells in rats and that DiBP shows a species-specific toxicity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of di-iso-butyl phthalate on testes of prepubertal rats and mice

Zhu

Tay

Andriana

et al. 2010

Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn.

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“…The estimated DI of DnBP was closest to the TDI, but the median DI was still 24 times and the 95 percentile DI nine times below the TDI. No TDI has been given by EFSA for DiBP, although this chemical has been shown to have similar antiandrogenic effects as DnBP in animal studies (Borch et al 2006), which suggests that both forms of DBP can contribute to adverse effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current exposure of 200 pregnant Danish women to phthalates, parabens and phenols

Renzy-Martin

Frederiksen

Christensen³

et al. 2014

Reproduction

112

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Many phthalates, parabens and phenols are suspected to have endocrine-disrupting properties in humans. They are found in consumer products, including food wrapping, cosmetics and building materials. The foetus is particularly vulnerable and exposure to these chemicals therefore is of concern for pregnant women. We investigated current exposure to several commonly used phthalates, parabens and phenols in healthy, pregnant Danish women. A total of 200 spot urine samples were collected between 8 and 30 weeks of gestation and analysed for metabolites of ten phenols, seven parabens and 16 phthalate by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry representing 26 non-persistent compounds. The majority of analytes were present in the urine sample collected from most women who participated. Thus, in 174 of the 200 women, metabolites of more than 13 (O50%) of 26 compounds were detected simultaneously. The number of compounds detected per woman (either as the parent compound or its metabolite(s)) ranged from 7 to 21 with a median of 16. The majority of compounds correlated positively with each other within and between chemical groups, suggesting combined exposure sources. Estimated daily intakes (DIs) of phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) were below their individual tolerable DI (TDI) and with hazard quotients below 1. In conclusion, we found detectable levels of phthalate metabolites, parabens and phenols in almost all pregnant women, suggesting combined multiple exposures. Although the estimated DI of phthalates and BPA for an individual was below TDI, our results still raise concern, as current toxicological risk assessments in humans do not take into account simultaneous exposure. The true cumulative risk for the foetus may therefore be underestimated.

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“…However, inhibition of testosterone was noticed in both foetal and adult Leyding cells when rats were exposed to higher doses [51]. Other studies in animals showed reduction of protein levels in foetal Leyding cells and deregulation of cholesterol transport and steroid synthesis [52]. Several recent epidemiological studies have addressed the male reproductive toxicity of phthalates [53][54][55][56][57][58][59] (Table 5).…”

Section: Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental factors and semen quality

Jurewicz¹,

Hanke²,

Radwan³

et al. 2009

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

163

109

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Objectives: An increasing number of reports suggest that chemical and physical agents in the environment, introduced and spread by human activity, may affect male fertility in humans. This article aims at evaluating the impact of environmental exposures (pesticides, phthalates, PCBs, air pollution, trihalomethanes (THMs), mobile phones) on semen quality, by reviewing most recent published literature. Materials and Methods: Epidemiological studies focusing on exposure to environmental factors and semen quality for the last ten years were identified by a search of the Pubmed, Medline, Ebsco, Agricola and Toxnet literature bases. Results: The results from the presented studies suggest that there are strong and rather consistent indications that some pesticides besides DBCP (e.g. DDT/Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [DDE], ethylenedibromide, organophosphates) affects sperm count. PCBs are detrimental to sperm motility. In case of air pollution, studies suggest a link between ambient air pollutants and various semen characteristics. Additional research is needed to corroborate this association and to establish the causal agents. Results of few studies on subfertile men demonstrate associations between phthalate levels commonly experienced by the public and impaired sperm quality (impact on sperm concentration, morphology, motility), but the findings have not been corroborated in studies of men from the general population. Mobile phones might adversely affect the quality of semen by decreasing mostly motility but also the sperm counts, viability and morphology. In spite of their consistent results, most of the studies are rather small. Association between exposure to THMs and poor semen quality was not observed. Conclusions: Epidemiological studies suggest awareness of environmental factors which may affect semen quality. In case both of well proven and disputable reproductive and developmental hazards, it is necessary to prevent parental exposure to the agents associated with those hazards.

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Diisobutyl phthalate has comparable anti-androgenic effects to di-n-butyl phthalate in fetal rat testis

Cited by 172 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of di-iso-butyl phthalate on testes of prepubertal rats and mice

Effects of di-iso-butyl phthalate on testes of prepubertal rats and mice

Current exposure of 200 pregnant Danish women to phthalates, parabens and phenols

Environmental factors and semen quality

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