Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Standard Schnauzers: Retrospective Study of 15 Cases

Harmon, M.W.; Leach, Stacey B.; Lamb, Kenneth

doi:10.5326/jaaha-ms-6506

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) represents the second most common acquired heart disease in dogs and has multiple identified etiologies [1][2][3]. While DCM of genetic origins have been described for some breeds based upon discovered mutations or observed heritability and pattern of inheritance, determining etiology of DCM when observed outside of these breeds is challenging [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Nutritionally mediated DCM has been described across a variety of species including dogs and is most historically linked to taurine deficiency [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of plasma and whole blood taurine reference ranges and identification of dietary features associated with taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy in golden retrievers: A prospective, observational study

Ontiveros

Whelchel

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Introduction A surge in Food and Drug Administration (FDA) consumer complaints identified concerns that legume-rich, grain-free diets were associated with nutritionally-mediated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Golden retrievers represent the most reported breed affected by this condition and previous studies documented the disease is responsive to dietary change and taurine supplementation. Although dietary findings across cases are compelling, prospective studies with control groups are lacking. The role of diet in developing taurine deficiency and echocardiographic changes consistent with DCM in healthy dogs is unknown. Objectives We hypothesized that golden retrievers eating non-traditional diets are at a higher risk of having taurine deficiency and nutritionally-mediated DCM compared with those eating traditional commercial diets. We aimed to compare taurine concentrations and echocardiographic indices of systolic function between golden retrievers in each diet group and elucidate associations between diet and these variables. Additionally, we aimed to generate breed-specific reference intervals for whole blood and plasma taurine concentrations. Animals 86 golden retrievers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of plasma and whole blood taurine reference ranges and identification of dietary features associated with taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy in golden retrievers: A prospective, observational study

Ontiveros

Whelchel

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…Secondary DCM might be associated with toxic change, infectious agents, endocrinopathies, and nutritional disorder (3,5,9,17,18,22,24). Previous reports have shown that lower levels of taurine and carnitine (5,(9)(10)(11)17,18,20,26) could affect breeds such as Standard schnauzer (13) and Portuguese water dogs, especially Cocker Spaniels (3,9,(10)(11)(12)14,17,18,20,22,24,26). In addition, DCM may occur if a normal dog is supplied with less taurine and carnitine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Diagnosis of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in a Maltese Dog

An¹,

Park²,

Mok³

et al. 2021

J Vet Clin

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A 6-year-old, spayed female, Maltese dog with tachypnea and dry cough was presented to Gyeongsang National University Veterinary Medical Teaching hospital. On physical examination, its respiration rate was 132 per minute. Decreased partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and hyperlactatemia were found on arterial blood gas analysis. Its diastolic blood pressure was 80 mmHg. Auscultation revealed arrhythmia. Electrocardiogram revealed P pulmonale, P mitrale, and ventricular premature complexes. Thoracic radiographs revealed mild enlargement of both atrium and moderate enlargement of the left ventricular. There was also a moderate alveolar pattern in the right and caudal part of the left cranial lung lobe. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed enlargement of generalized four chambers without remarkable findings of valvular degeneration. M-mode echocardiography showed decreased left ventricular fractional shortening and enlarged left ventricular internal diameter at both end-systolic and end-diastolic. Color-flow Doppler imaging revealed eccentric turbulent flow starting below the left ventricular outflow tract and extending into the left atrium during systole. Spectral Doppler recordings revealed a high velocity flow through the mitral, tricuspid, aorta, and pulmonic regurgitation. Restrictive transmitral flow revealed high E-wave velocity, short E-wave deceleration time, and reduced A-wave velocity. There was also low ejection velocity thorough left ventricular out tract flow. Based on echocardiographic examination, dilated cardiomyopathy was the tentative diagnosis. The dog was medicated with inotropes, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, and diuretics. At the 10-day following-up, the dog died suddenly. This report describes echocardiographic diagnosis and prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy rarely reported in small breed dogs.

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“…developing DCM over the past 15 years. In addition to external factors such as changes in breed popularity, infectious disease, and diet, it must be considered that an increase in atypical breeds may simply be a reflection of previously unrecognized heritable cardiomyopathies occurring in the breeds as seen with toy Manchester terriers, standard schnauzers, Welsh springer spaniels, Rhodesian ridgebacks, Dalmatians, and English bulldogs [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Here, we describe a more than five-fold increase in grain-free pet food sales over the past decade, with no correlating increase in overall DCM incidence. The number of dogs currently eating grain-free diets is unknown, but we estimate it to be between 10-40% of the US dog population (Fig 5C).…”

Section: One Veterinary Hospital Provided Age Distribution Date Over mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of canine dilated cardiomyopathy, breed and age distributions, and grain-free diet sales in the United States from 2000-2019: A retrospective survey

Quest¹,

Clark²,

Garimella³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is considered a predominantly inherited disease in dogs. Recent reports suggest an increased incidence of DCM in atypical breeds eating grain-free and/or legume-rich diets. However, little data regarding incidence of DCM within the US is available; and no existing data quantifies DCM among breeds over time.HypothesisWe hypothesized that DCM incidence among breeds could be estimated by retrospective polling of veterinary cardiologists. Further, if a correlation existed between grain-free diets and DCM, an increase in DCM would be on trend with increased grain-free pet food sales.Materials and MethodsThirty-six U.S. cardiology specialty practices were asked for all initial canine and DCM cases evaluated from 2000-2019; fourteen cardiology practices participated. DCM signalment data was provided by three hospitals over 15 years; representing 68 breeds. Age distribution of DCM cases upon diagnosis were compared to other cardio cases and general hospital population from one hospital. All data were evaluated using linear regression models. Grain-free pet food sales data was evaluated from 2011-2019.ResultsFourteen hospitals participated and reported 67,243 unique canine patients. Nationally, data did not support a significant change in percent DCM over time (p=0.85). The overall average incidence rate of DCM during the study period was 3.83% (range 2.41-5.65%), while grain-free diet sales increased 500% from 2011-2019. No correlation between overall DCM incidence and grain free diet sales was discovered. A significant upward trend in mixed breeds diagnosed with DCM, with no significant trend in other breeds was appreciated. An upward trend in age at DCM diagnosis was identified, correlating with trends from overall hospital populations.ConclusionsThese data do not support overall increased DCM incidence, or a correlation with grain-free pet food sales. Additional data are necessary to understand whether regional factors contribute to increased DCM within smaller cohorts.

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Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Standard Schnauzers: Retrospective Study of 15 Cases

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Development of plasma and whole blood taurine reference ranges and identification of dietary features associated with taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy in golden retrievers: A prospective, observational study

Development of plasma and whole blood taurine reference ranges and identification of dietary features associated with taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy in golden retrievers: A prospective, observational study

Imaging Diagnosis of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in a Maltese Dog

Incidence of canine dilated cardiomyopathy, breed and age distributions, and grain-free diet sales in the United States from 2000-2019: A retrospective survey

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