Dilation of the fetal umbilical vein in rhesus hemolytic anemia: A predictor of severe disease

Sonographic measurements of the fetal spleen: clinical implications.

“…Similar results have been obtained by measuring umbilical vein diameters. 22 On the other hand, knowledge of the sonographic appearance of the fetal spleen during ultrasoundguided parucentesis may reduce or prevent damage to the fetal spleen. Finally, a careful evaluation of the shape of the fetal spleen and follow-through with accurate measurements of its diameters and perimeter can be regarded as a helpful tool in the diagnosis not only of fetal diseases but also of several genetic disorders , such as asplenia, polysplenia, l-t and multiple cysts.…”

Cardiofemoral index as an ultrasound marker of fetal anemia in isoimmunized pregnancy

“…BVOD measurements were carried out according to the technique described [5]. The M-mode ultrasound cursor was set perpendicular to the interventricular septum at the atrioventricular valves.…”

Improved Care for Rh-Isoimmunized Patients in Saudi Arabia

“…Small pericardial effusions and dilatation of cardiac chambers are signs of congestive heart failure. 28 Subsequently, more pronounced pericardial effusion occurs, and the fetus develops ascites. Finally, generalized anasarca is evident, including skin edema, pleural and pericardial effusion, and pronounced ascites.…”

“…Disproportionate growths of abdominal circumference lead to the clinical suspicion of hepatomegaly. 27,28 Determination of the liver size by ultrasound has been advocated by some authors, 29 but the method is more time-consuming and often difficult to perform due to unfavorable position of the fetus. Later, other early signs of erythroblastosis fetalis occur.…”

“…Concomitant with the changes in fetal appearance, the placenta undergoes morphologic changes. [27][28][29][30] Initially, the placenta thickens, followed by a gradual loss of the architectural details when the edema worsens. The usually sharp distinction of the chorionic plate disappears, and the placenta develops a homogenous appearance.…”