Dilemmas in measuring and using pressure ulcer prevalence and incidence: an international consensus

Baharestani, Mona Mylene; Black, Joyce; Carville, Keryln; Clark, Michael; Cuddigan, Janet; Dealey, Carol; Defloor, Tom; Harding, Keith; Lahmann, Nils; Lubbers, Maarten J.; Lyder, Courtney H.; Ohura, Takehiko; Orsted, Heather L.; Reger, Steve I.; Romanelli, Marco; Sanada, Hiromi

doi:10.1111/j.1742-481x.2009.00593.x

Cited by 99 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The cumulative incidence of pressure injuries was calculated by dividing the total number of new cases of pressure injuries, multiplied by 100, by the total number of participants in the time period. [31][32][33] Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare time to new pressure injury events between the 2 groups. A 2 test of independence was used to determine differences in stages of pressure injuries and to determine differences in process of care practices delivered between the groups.…”

Section: B Strategies To Prevent Pressure Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Pressure Injuries in Critically Ill Patients by Using a Patient Skin Integrity Care Bundle (Inspire)

Coyer¹,

Gardner²,

Doubrovsky³

et al. 2015

American Journal of Critical Care

122

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Section: B Strategies To Prevent Pressure Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Pressure Injuries in Critically Ill Patients by Using a Patient Skin Integrity Care Bundle (Inspire)

Coyer¹,

Gardner²,

Doubrovsky³

et al. 2015

American Journal of Critical Care

122

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“…However, it is recognized that prevalence data is a snapshot and not a true reflection of the scope of a given problem [12] . Incidence data provides a more accurate picture of the magnitude of a problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incidence data provides a more accurate picture of the magnitude of a problem. However, incidence data presents problems with lengthy and time consuming data collection [12] . Critically ill patients in ICU are considered to be at greatest risk for PrU development, as this patient group is likely to present with high acuity, may require mechanical ventilation and subsequent administration of sedation and pharmacological drugs potentially reducing peripheral circulation and be immobile [13,14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure ulcers in the adult intensive care unit: a literature review of patient risk factors and risk assessment scales

Tayyib¹,

Coyer²,

Lewis³

2013

JNEP

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Background: Critically ill patients are at high risk for pressure ulcer (PrU) development due to their high acuity and the invasive nature of the multiple interventions and therapies they receive. With reported incidence rates of PrU development in the adult critical care population as high as 56%, the identification of patients at high risk of PrU development is essential. This paper will explore the association between PrU development and risk factors. It will also explore PrU development and the use of risk assessment scales for critically ill patients in adult intensive care units. Method:A literature search from 2000 to 2012 using the CINHAL, Cochrane Library, EBSCOHost, Medline (via EBSCOHost), PubMed, ProQuest and Google Scholar databases was conducted. Key words used were: pressure ulcer/s; pressure sore/s; decubitus ulcer/s; bed sore/s; critical care; intensive care; critical illness; prevalence; incidence; prevention; management; risk factor; risk assessment scale.Results: Nineteen articles were included in this review; eight studies addressing PrU risk factors, eight studies addressing risk assessment scales and three studies overlapping both. Results from the studies reviewed identified 28 intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors which may lead to PrU development. Development of a risk factor prediction model in this patient population, although beneficial, appears problematic due to many issues such as diverse diagnoses and subsequent patient needs. Additionally, several risk assessment instruments have been developed for early screening of patients at higher risk of developing PrU in the ICU. No existing risk assessment scales are valid for identification high risk critically ill patient, with the majority of scales potentially over-predicting patients at risk for PrU development. Conclusion:Research studies to inform the risk factors for potential pressure ulcer development are inconsistent. Additionally, there is no consistent or clear evidence which demonstrates any scale to better or more effective than another when used to identify the patients at risk for PrU development. Furthermore robust research is needed to identify the risk factors and develop valid scales for measuring the risk of PrU development in ICU.

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“…It is probable that the acute in-patient pressure ulcer numbers were considerably underestimated. Several studies in other countries have suggested that hospital patient records do not always capture adequate information about pressure ulcers (Baharestani et al 2009;Gunningberg and Ehrenberg 2004) and that inadequate documentation, particularly of lower-stage ulcers, is common in both nurses' and doctors' notes. Furthermore, while there is good coverage in the acute in-patient setting across most of Canada, the home care and complex continuing care data focus primarily on Ontario.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compromised Wounds in Canada

Denny¹,

Lawand

Perry

2014

hcq

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Wounds are a serious healthcare issue with profound personal, clinical and economic implications. Using a working definition of compromised wounds, this study examines the prevalence of wounds by type and by healthcare setting using data from hospitals, home care, hospitalbased continuing care and long-term care facilities within fiscal year 2011-2012 in Canada. It also evaluates several risk factors associated with wounds, such as diabetes, circulatory disease and age. Compromised wounds were reported in almost 4% of in-patient acute hospitalizations and in more than 7% of home care clients, almost 10% of long-term care clients and almost 30% of hospital-based continuing care clients. Patients with diabetes were much more likely to have a compromised wound than were patients without the disease.

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Dilemmas in measuring and using pressure ulcer prevalence and incidence: an international consensus

Cited by 99 publications

References 26 publications

Reducing Pressure Injuries in Critically Ill Patients by Using a Patient Skin Integrity Care Bundle (Inspire)

Reducing Pressure Injuries in Critically Ill Patients by Using a Patient Skin Integrity Care Bundle (Inspire)

Pressure ulcers in the adult intensive care unit: a literature review of patient risk factors and risk assessment scales

Compromised Wounds in Canada

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