Dimensional Analysis and Mixing Phenomena in Bubble Stirred Ladles.

Physical Simulation of a Nonconsumable Lance for Secondary Refining Operations

“…A decrease in heat losses during the secondary refining process will reduce the steel costs and, with this, an increase in the final productivity and quality. Further, the study of the main sources of heat losses in steel refining, [22] such as the temperature of the liquid steel and refractory wear, are of great importance for the precise control of the temperature of the liquid steel in the LF stirred along with argon gas. [23] Hence, continuous monitoring is necessary to build accurate models in order to predict the final temperature of the steel.…”