Dimensional changes in the Kolahoi glacier from 1857 to 2014

Shukla, Anurag; Ali, Iram; Hasan, Nazia; Romshoo, Shakil Ahmad

doi:10.1007/s10661-016-5703-7

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The glaciers of the Himalaya contribute significantly to the overall river runoff of south and southeast Asia (Basnett and others, 2013) with the highest contribution from the Indus River which originates in the northwest Himalaya (Immerzeel and others, 2010; Basnett and others, 2013). Himalayan glaciers have been in a general state of recession since 1850 (Mayewski and Jeschke, 1979; Bhambri and Bolch, 2009; Shukla and others, 2017), except for emerging indications of stability or mass gain in the Karakoram (Hewitt, 2005; 2011; Bolch and others, 2012; Bhambri and others, 2017). Recent comprehensive study by Bhambri and others (2017) reported that the number of surge-type glaciers in the Karakoram have increased significantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glacier changes between 1971 and 2016 in the Jankar Chhu Watershed, Lahaul Himalaya, India

Das

Sharma

2018

J. Glaciol.

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Glacier changes in the Jankar Chhu Watershed (JCW) of Chandrabhaga (Chenab) basin, Lahaul Himalaya were worked out based on Corona and Sentinel 2A images between 1971 and 2016. The JCW consists of 153 glaciers (>0.02 km2) with a total area of 185.6 ± 3.8 km2 that include 82 glaciers with debris-covered ablation zone, comprising 10.9% of the total glacierized area as in 2016. Change analysis based on Corona (1971), Landsat (2000) and Sentinel 2A (2016) was restricted to 127 glaciers owing to the presence of cloud cover on 26 glaciers in 1971. A subset of glaciers was also mapped using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM; 1989) image. The total glacier area decreased by 14.7 ± 4.3 km2 (0.3 ± 0.1 km2 a−¹). The number of glaciers in the JCW increased by four between 1971 and 2016 due to fragmentation. More recently (2000–16), recession rate has increased. Clean-ice area decreased by 21.8 ± 3.8 km2 (0.5 ± 0.1 km2 a−¹) while debris-covered ice increased by 7.2 ± 0.4 km2 (0.2 ± 0.01 km2 a−¹). Field observations of select glaciers also support derived recession trend in the JCW. Retreat rates in the JCW have been observed to be much lower than previously reported.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glacier changes between 1971 and 2016 in the Jankar Chhu Watershed, Lahaul Himalaya, India

Das

Sharma

2018

J. Glaciol.

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“…Typically, repeat photography (old and recent photographs) is a useful tool to document and reconstruct the changes of glacier terminus positions (Kamp et al, 2013; Webb, 2007). This method has been widely employed since the late 19th century in the European Alps (Zängl and Hamberger, 2004); Iceland (Hannesdóttir et al, 2014); Glacier National Park, Montana’s Rocky Mountains in the United States (http://nrmsc.usgs.gov/repeatphoto/overview.htm); the tropical mountains of Africa and South America (Hastenrath, 2008); the Turgen Mountains, Mongolian Altai (Kamp et al, 2013); and in the Himalaya, for example in the Khumbu Himal, Nepal (Byers, 2008), at the Raikot and Chungphare glaciers of Nanga Parbat in the western Himalaya (Nüsser and Schmidt, 2017; Schmidt and Nüsser, 2009) and recently at the Kolahoi Glacier in the Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) Himalaya (Rashid et al, 2017; Shukla et al, 2017). Thus, repeated photographs are used for glacier studies across the Himalayan region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the Siachen Glacier in the Karakoram and the Machoi Glacier in the J&K show an insignificant retreat in the last 50 years (Raina, 2009). Moreover, recent studies by Shukla et al (2017) and Rashid et al (2017) on the Kolahoi Glacier in the J&K Himalaya reported varying significant retreat of 3.4 km and 2.9 km, respectively, during 1857 to 2014. In addition, this technique was used for the Raikot and Chungphare glaciers in the Nanga Parbat massif (Nü sser and Schmidt and Nüsser, 2009), and to investigate glacial fluctuations in the Sagarmatha National Park (Mt Everest), Nepal (Byers, 2008).…”

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confidence: 96%

Reconstructing the pattern of the Bara Shigri Glacier fluctuation since the end of the Little Ice Age, Chandra valley, north-western Himalaya

Chand

Sharma

Bhambri

et al. 2017

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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The pattern of glacial records since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) are essential for evaluating glacier fluctuations and their link to post-LIA climate change. Although recession of the Himalayan glaciers is well-documented in this period, debate continues as to the magnitude and accuracy of estimated recession rates. This study presents a reconstruction of the pattern of fluctuations at the Bara Shigri Glacier in the Himachal Himalaya during the termination of the LIA (∼1850). A multi-data integrative analysis (MDIA) technique consisting of repeat terrestrial photographs, historical archives and reports, geomorphological evidence and maps, and high to medium spatial resolution satellite images (Corona, Hexagon, Landsat and WorldView-2) was used with supplemented by extensive field validation. The results indicate that during the early part of the 19th century the terminus of Bara Shigri Glacier was at ∼3900 m asl. Following this, there was a continuous recession with a total retreat of 2898 ± 50 m, which corresponds to a frontal areal loss of 4 ± 1 km2 in the last 151 years (1863–2014). Compared to this, during the last half century (1965–2014), the glacierised area was reduced by 1.1 ± 0.02 km2 with a concomitant terminus retreat of 1100 ± 32 m. The early 19th century advance is ascribed to a combination of cooling during this period, glacier topographical characteristics and contributions from steep-fronted avalanching tributaries. The late 19th century recession can be attributed to an overall increase in the temperature with a corresponding decrease in precipitation in the north-western Himalaya. Results are at variance with earlier, larger estimates of the frontal area loss for the Bara Shigri Glacier using either Survey of India (SoI) topographic maps or coarse spatial resolution satellite images (e.g. Landsat MSS) as historical datasets, and demonstrate the utility of mixed method approaches including higher-resolution satellite imagery for accurate estimation of glacier behaviour in this region.

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“…Kolahoi Glacier spread over 10.5 km 2 is considered to be a single glacier [47,[67][68][69]; however, a recent study [51] suggested that the glacier has two parts draining into two watersheds, Lidder and Sindh, of the larger Jhelum basin. The Randolph Glacier Inventory (https://www.glims.org/RGI/), on the other hand, indicates that the glacier has five parts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking the Recent Glacier Retreat and Depleting Streamflow Patterns with Land System Changes in Kashmir Himalaya, India

Rashid

Majeed

Aneaus

et al. 2020

Water

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This study reports the changes in glacier extent and streamflow similar to many Himalayan studies, but takes the unusual step of also linking these to downstream land use changes in Kashmir Valley. This study assessed changes in the area, snout, and equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of four parts of the Kolahoi Glacier using earth observation data from 1962 to 2018. Changes in the discharge of the two streams flowing out from Kolahoi Glacier into the Jhelum basin were also assessed between 1972 and 2018. Additionally, satellite data was used to track the downstream land system changes concerning agriculture, orchards, and built-up areas between 1980 and 2018. This analysis suggested a cumulative deglaciation of 23.6% at a rate of 0.42% per year from 1962 to 2018. The snout of two larger glaciers, G1 and G2, retreated at a rate of 18.3 m a −1 and 16.4 m a −1 , respectively, from 1962 to 2018, although the rate of recession accelerated after 2000. Our analysis also suggested the upward shift of ELA by ≈120 m. The streamflows measured at five sites showed statistically significant depleting trends that have been a factor in forcing extensive land system changes downstream. Although the area under agriculture in Lidder watershed shrunk by 39%, there was a massive expansion of 176% and 476% in orchards and built-up areas, respectively, from 1980 to 2018. The conversion of irrigation-intensive agriculture lands (rice paddy) to less water-intensive orchards is attributed to economic considerations and depleting streamflow.Water 2020, 12, 1168 2 of 18 to decrease in the streamflows in the Himalayan Rivers [7,[27][28][29], which could affect water availability downstream [30]. Studies suggest that the glacier recession in the Kashmir valley has already resulted in the depleted streamflows downstream [31,32]. The land system changes in the region [33][34][35][36] have been linked to depleting streamflows, economic considerations, and unplanned land transformation.The use of remote sensing data for quantifying land system changes over the Kashmir region has been widely documented [37][38][39][40]. At the same time, there is substantial scientific literature detailing the glacier retreat prevalent over the region. A recent study indicated that the glaciers in the Ladakh region are retreating at 0.55% a −1 [41], whereas another study [42] reported few stable and advancing glaciers in the Zanskar region of Jammu and Kashmir. Similar retreat estimates have been put forth for the Zanskar region for the glacier area changes carried between 1989 and 2007 [43]. However, very conservative area changes (0.16% a −1 ) have been reported for the neighboring Suru basin [44] for the glacier area changes assessed for the 1977-2017 period. In another study carried out in the Lidder watershed of the Jhelum basin, the glaciers were reported to be shrinking at 0.51% a −1 [17]. Glacier mass change over the western Himalayas has accelerated from 0.33 to 0.5 m w.e. (water equivalent) per year between 1970-2000 and 2000-2010, respectively [45]. Ther...

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Dimensional changes in the Kolahoi glacier from 1857 to 2014

Cited by 23 publications

References 58 publications

Glacier changes between 1971 and 2016 in the Jankar Chhu Watershed, Lahaul Himalaya, India

Glacier changes between 1971 and 2016 in the Jankar Chhu Watershed, Lahaul Himalaya, India

Reconstructing the pattern of the Bara Shigri Glacier fluctuation since the end of the Little Ice Age, Chandra valley, north-western Himalaya

Linking the Recent Glacier Retreat and Depleting Streamflow Patterns with Land System Changes in Kashmir Himalaya, India

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