Dimensional, Pilling, and Abrasion Properties of Weft Knits Made from Open-End and Ring Spun Yarns

Abstract

This paper focuses on the dimensional, pilling, and abrasion properties of a series of plain jersey, lacoste, and two-thread fleece fabrics made from cotton ring and open-end spun yams as well as from blend yams (50/50 cotton/polyester, dyed). The results show that both structural differences and fiber type play a large part in determining the dimensions of these fabrics. It is apparent that the knits from blend yams have a lower dimensional stability when compared to fabrics from 100% cotton ring and open-end spun yams. Findings for the two-thread fleece fabrics suggest that the inlay yam mainly governs their dimensional behavior in the widthwise direction. The pilling tendency of the test samples and their resistance to abrasion are evaluated with the ICI pilling box (at three different test revolutions) and the Martindale abrasion tester, respectively. In addition, an extensive SEM examination is used to study the effect of fiber type and repeated launder ings on both pilling development and the degree of fiber damage within fuzz assemblies. The results show that unlike plain jersey fabrics, lacoste fabrics perform very well, and that in general fabrics knitted from open-end spun yams have a lower propensity to pilling. In the case of the two-thread fleece structure, the samples from 100% cotton (i.e., both face and fleece yam) open-end yams have higher pilling rates compared to FBOE (face yam is cotton, fleece yam is 50/50 PET/cotton) and FBB (both face and fleece yam are 50/50 PET/cotton) fabrics. The SEM study reveals that for the same number of test revolutions, the degree of damage to fibers within the fuzz entanglements tends to increase with an increased number of launderings, and that the kind of damage varies from small cracks and fractures to slight flaking, depending on the fabric and yam type. Note, however, that any damage occurring as a result of repeated launderings and pilling tests is not as severe as that reported in the literature. The lacoste fabrics have the least resistance to abrasion.

Analysis of Abrasion Characteristics in Textiles

“…Even yarn structure, using long fibre and lower yarn hairiness are the reasons of that result. Knitted fabrics from ring spun yarns have better abrasion resistance than knitted fabrics from OE spun yarns (Candan et al,2000;Candan & Önal, 2002). Ring spun yarns are hairier but more compactly structured than OE yarns, this well aligned compact structure doesn't promote easy fibre wear off (Paek, 1989).…”

“…The abrasion resistance of both undyed and dyed fabrics is negatively influenced by the laundering treatment (Candan et al, 2000). The degree of damage in fibres within the fuzz entanglements tends to increase with an increased number of launderings, and that the damage varies from small cracks and fractures to slight flaking depending on the fabric and yarn (Candan & Önal, 2002).…”

Study regarding the physical-mechanical properties of knits for garments – pilling performance

“…Candan & Önal test the pilling effect of weft knitted fabric made of OE and RS yarns. They say that 100% cotton samples knitted from RS yarns goes to have lower pilling rates than those made from 100% cotton OE spun yarns [17]. Beltran et al [18] compared piling effect between fabrics made from conventional worsted spun yarns, solospun ring spun yarn and jetwind modified yarns, and report that compared to conventional ring spun yarn fabric, the pilling performance of solospun yarn fabric and jetwind modified yarn fabric showed a half grade and full grade improvement.…”

Properties of cotton/T‐400 and 100% cotton plain knitted fabric made from ring spun yarn

“…The overall performance of cotton/spandex fabric properties was better than 100% cotton fabric, however, controlling the spandex ratio is very important in order to achieve intended end use. Cotton as a natural fiber possess good handle properties, moisture absorption and air permeability among other properties . Fabrics made from core spun yarns have always proved to have better performance properties according to researchers .…”