Dimensionally stable Nafion–polyethylene composite membranes for direct methanol fuel cell applications

Yildirim, M. Hakan; Stamatialis, Dimitrios; Weßling, Matthias

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2008.05.013

Cited by 55 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…MeOH concentration can influence the permeability to some extent, too, e.g. an increase in P MeOH from 1.5 × 10 −10 to 2.5 × 10 −10 m 2 s −1 was reported for a Nafion N117 membrane when the methanol concentration increased from 1 m to 10 m (Yildirim et al 2008).…”

Section: Methanol Transport In Nafionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a similar way, methanol permeability is commonly measured in diffusion cells, in which the membrane separates two stirred compartments. One compartment is filled with MeOH, and the other, with deionized water (dH 2 O) (Lin et al 2005, Yildirim et al 2008, Zhang et al 2009, Lin et al 2010, Gloukhovski et al 2016. The change in MeOH concentration in the second compartment is measured with gas chromatograph (GC) or density meter using a suitable calibration curve.…”

Section: Ex Situ Techniques For Measurement Of Pem Transport Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the composite DMFC performance was only slightly better than N117 at methanol concentration of 8 wt.% but significantly better at 32 wt.%. Yildirim et al (2008) reported on composite membranes made by filling of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE, pore size 0.7 of μm) with Nafion (Yildirim et al 2008) and sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) (SPPEK) (Yildirim et al 2009). Proton conductivity and methanol permeability of the recast SPPEK film were about 20 and 10 times lower than for the N117 membrane.…”

Section: Isotropic Pore-filling Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding methods of preparation and characterization of pore-filling polymer composites for proton exchange membranes: a beginner’s guide

Gloukhovski

Freger

Tsur

2017

Reviews in Chemical Engineering

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Abstract Composite membranes based on porous support membranes filled with a proton-conducting polymer appear to be a promising approach to develop novel proton exchange membranes (PEMs). It allows optimization of the properties of the filler and the matrix separately, e.g. for maximal conductivity of the former and maximal physical strength of the latter. In addition, the confinement itself can alter the properties of the filling ionomer, e.g. toward higher conductivity and selectivity due to alignment and restricted swelling. This article reviews the literature on PEMs prepared by filling of submicron and nanometric size pores with Nafion and other proton-conductive polymers. PEMs based on alternating perfluorinated and non-perfluorinated polymer systems and incorporation of fillers are briefly discussed too, as they share some structure/transport relationships with the pore-filling PEMs. We also review here the background knowledge on structural and transport properties of Nafion and proton-conducting polymers in general, as well as experimental methods concerned with preparation and characterization of pore-filling membranes. Such information will be useful for preparing next-generation composite membranes, which will allow maximal utilization of beneficial characteristics of polymeric proton conductors and understanding the complicated structure/transport relationships in the pore-filling composite PEMs.

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Section: Methanol Transport In Nafionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ex Situ Techniques For Measurement Of Pem Transport Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Isotropic Pore-filling Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding methods of preparation and characterization of pore-filling polymer composites for proton exchange membranes: a beginner’s guide

Gloukhovski

Freger

Tsur

2017

Reviews in Chemical Engineering

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“…The acid-base Nafion composite membranes include blends of Nafion with polypyrrole (PPy) [98][99][100][101][102][103][104], polybenzimidazole (PBI) [105][106][107], poly (propyleneoxide) (PPO) [108,109], polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) [110], poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) [111][112][113][114][115], sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde (sPF) [116], polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) [117][118][119][120][121][122], poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) [123], poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) [124] polyaniline (PANI) [125][126][127][128], polyethylene (PE) [129], poly(ethylene-terephtalate) [130], sulfated β-cyclodextrin (sCD) [131], sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) [132][133][134][135], sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) (sPAEK) [136], poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES) [137], poly(vinylimidazole) (PVI) [138], poly(vinyl pyridine) (PVPy) [139], poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) [140][141]<...>…”

Section: Polymer/nafion Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic/Nafion blends can be classified as having a small barrier effect (P r > 0.25), as the case of PPy [102][103][104], PPO [108,109], PFA [110], sPF [116], PPV [123], PVP [124], PE [129], sPEEK [133][134][135], sPAEK [136], PVI [138], PTFE [142], sPOSS [144], PEDT [146], PR [147], PM [148], PSSA [150], and AMPS [152], moderate barrier effect (0.04 < P r < 0.25), as the case of PETE [130], sPAES [137], or strong barrier effect (P r < 0.04), as the case of PAES [137] and PFEP [143].…”

Section: Methanol Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Membranes for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells

Corti

2013

Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells

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This chapter is devoted to summarize and discuss the main properties of ionomeric membranes used in direct alcohol PEM fuel cells. Although Nafion is the proton exchange membrane commonly used in methanol and other direct alcohol fuel cells, other proton and alkaline membranes are being investigated in order to improve the efficiency of DAFC. The goals in the development of this critical component of DAFC are: low cost, long durability, low alcohol permeability and high electrical conductivity. The last two properties can be combined in a single parameter, the membrane selectivity that accounts for the ratio between the proton and alcohol transport through the membrane. This parameter can be compared to that measured for Nafion to define a relative selectivity, which is a primary parameter to evaluate the potentiality of a ionomer material to be used in alcohol feed fuel cells.The vast catalogue of polymeric materials reviewed here included Nafion composite with inorganic and organic fillers, and non-fluorinated proton conducting membranes such as sulfonated polyimides, poly(arylene ether)s, polysulfones, poly (vinyl alcohol), polystyrenes, and acid-doped polybenzimidazoles. Anionexchange membranes are also discussed because of the facile electro-oxidation of alcohols in alkaline media and because of the minimization of alcohol crossover in alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells.The performance of different types of membranes in direct alcohol fuel cells, mainly methanol, are summarized and discussed in order to identify the most promissory ones. The lack of correlation between the relative selectivity and fuel cell performance of the membranes indicates that the architecture of the three

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Fuel Cells: Proton Exchange Membranes

Devanathan

2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry

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Proton exchange membrane, also known as polymer electrolyte membrane, fuel cells (PEMFCs) offer the promise of efficient conversion of chemical energy of fuel, such as hydrogen or methanol, into electricity with minimal pollution. Their widespread use to power zero‐emission automobiles as part of a hydrogen economy can contribute to enhanced energy security and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. However, the commercial viability of PEMFC technology is hindered by high cost associated with the membrane‐electrode assembly (MEA) and poor membrane durability under prolonged operation at elevated temperature. Membranes for automotive fuel cell applications need to perform well over a period comparable to the life of an automotive engine and under heavy load cycling including start‐stop cycling under subfreezing conditions. The combination of elevated temperature, changes in humidity levels, physical stresses, and harsh chemical environment contribute to membrane degradation. Perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA)‐based membranes, such as Nafion ® , have been the mainstay of PEMFC technology. Their limitations, in terms of cost and poor conductivity at low hydration, have led to continuing research into membranes that have good proton conductivity at elevated temperatures above 120 °C and under low‐humidity conditions. Such membranes have the potential to avoid catalyst poisoning, simplify fuel cell design, and reduce the cost of fuel cells. Hydrocarbon‐based membranes are being developed as alternatives to PFSA membranes, but concerns about chemical and mechanical stability and durability remain. Novel anhydrous membranes based on polymer gels infused with protic ionic liquids have also been recently proposed, but considerable fundamental research is needed to understand proton transport in novel membranes and evaluate durability under fuel cell operating conditions. In order to advance this promising technology, it is essential to rationally design the next generation of PEMs on the basis of an understanding of chemistry, membrane morphology, and proton transport obtained from experiment, theory, and computer simulation.

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Dimensionally stable Nafion–polyethylene composite membranes for direct methanol fuel cell applications

Cited by 55 publications

References 24 publications

Understanding methods of preparation and characterization of pore-filling polymer composites for proton exchange membranes: a beginner’s guide

Understanding methods of preparation and characterization of pore-filling polymer composites for proton exchange membranes: a beginner’s guide

Membranes for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells

Fuel Cells: Proton Exchange Membranes

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